认知语法基础 2 描写应用2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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Review and Introduction1

PART Ⅰ：NOMINAL STRUCTURE13

Chapter 1—Nonus13

1.1．Conceptual Basis13

1.1.1．A Cognitive Model13

1.1.2．An Abstract Characterization15

1.1.3．A Polar Opposition19

1.2．Nominalization22

1.2.1．Kinds23

1.2.1.1．Alternate Profiling23

1.2.1.2．Type vs.Instance Nominalizations31

1.2.2．Periphrasis35

1.2.3．Predictability43

Chapter 2—Nominals：Functional Organization51

2.1．Semantic Functions51

2.2．Instantiation55

2.2.1．Type vs.Instance55

2.2.2．Proper Names58

2.2.3．Type Hierarchies60

2.2.4．Predicate Nominative Constructions64

2.2.5．Role Specifications71

2.3．Quantity73

2.3.1．Number74

2.3.2．Quantifiers81

2.4．Epistemic Predications89

Chapter 3—Nominals：Grounding and Quantification96

3.1．Definiteness96

3.1.1．The Definite Article97

3.1.2．The Indefinite Article103

3.2．Relative Quantifiers107

3.2.1．Proportional Quantifiers107

3.2.2．Other Universal Quantifiers111

3.3．Quantificational Interactions118

3.3.1．Replicate Processes and Participants118

3.3.2．Quantifier Scope125

3.3.3．Scope of Negation132

Chapter 4—Nominal Constructions142

4.1．Structural Organization142

4.1.1．Canonical Structure142

4.1.2．Other Configurations148

4.2．Patterns and Restrictions152

4.2.1．Class Schemas152

4.2.2．Constructional Schemas156

4.2.3．Larger Configurations159

4.3．Functional Alternatives163

4.3.1．Noun Classifiers164

4.3.2．Possessive Constructions167

4.3.2.1．Abstract Possession169

4.3.2.2．Basic Constructions172

4.3.2.3．Other Constructions175

4.4．Inflection and Agreement180

4.4.1．Noun Classes180

4.4.2．Gender Inflections185

4.4.3．Agreement Patterns186

PART Ⅱ：CLAUSE STRUCTURE193

Chapter 5—The Auxiliary：Clausal Head193

5.1．Function and Organization193

5.2．Voice and Aspect200

5.2.1．The Passive Construction200

5.2.2．The Progressive Construction207

5.2.3．The Perfect Construction211

5.2.3.1．Current Relevance211

5.2.3.2．Subjectification215

5.2.3.3．Synthesis220

5.3．Patterns and Structure225

5.3.1．The Basic System225

5.3.2．Restrictions228

5.3.3．Componentiality233

5.3.4．Auxiliary Verbs238

Chapter 6—The Auxiliary：Grounding240

6.1．Epistemic Distance240

6.2．Tense249

6.2.1．A Naive Characterization250

6.2.2．Sequence of Tenses253

6.2.2.1．Indirect Speech253

6.2.2.2．Reported Modals256

6.2.2.3．Additional Matters260

6.2.3．Present Tense262

6.2.3.1．A Structured World263

6.2.3.2．A Shifted Deictic Center266

6.3．Modals269

6.3.1．Historical Development269

6.3.2．The Dynamic Evolutionary Model275

Chapter 7—Transitivity and Grammatical Relations282

7.1．The Conception of Events282

7.1.1．Models and Archetypes283

7.1.2．Conceptual Autonomy286

7.1.3．Starting Points291

7.2．The Coding of Events293

7.2.1．Coding and Construal294

7.2.2．Unmarked Coding298

7.3．Basic Grammatical Relations304

7.3.1．Subject305

7.3.1.1．Topicality306

7.3.1.2．A Schematic Definition309

7.3.1.3．Subjectand Topic313

7.3.1.4．Universality317

7.3.2．Direct Object321

7.3.3．Indirect Object324

Chapter 8—Marked Clause Structure330

8.1．Choice of Subject330

8.1.1．The Effect of Profiling331

8.1.2．Voice335

8.1.3．Setting vs.Participant343

8.1.3.1．Relevance to Transitivity343

8.1.3.2．Setting-Subject Constructions345

8.1.3.3．Double-Subject Constructions348

8.1.3.4．Abstract Settings351

8.2．Choice of Object355

8.3．Nondistinct Argument Phenomena362

8.3.1．Process vs.Participant362

8.3.2．Reflexivization367

8.3.3．Unspecificity372

Chapter 9—Ergativity and Case378

9.1．Ergative vs.Accusative378

9.2．Ergativity386

9.2.1．Correlates of Autonomy386

9.2.2．Absolute Construal389

9.2.3．Discourse Function393

9.2.3.1．Introducing Discourse Participants393

9.2.3.2．Antipassives394

9.2.4．Split Ergativity396

9.3．Case Marking398

9.3.1．Meaningfulness398

9.3.2．Case-Marking Constructions404

9.4．Causative Constructions408

9.4.1．Grammatical Relauons409

9.4.2．Case411

PART Ⅲ：BEYOND THE CLAUSE417

Chapter 10—Complex Sentences417

10.1．General Discussion417

10.1.1．Internal Elaboration419

10.1.2．Connectors423

10.1.3．Referential Linkage429

10.1.4．Global Organization435

10.2．Complementation438

10.2.1．Complementizers439

10.2.1.1．Conceptual Subordination439

10.2.1.2．Temporal Coincidence442

10.2.1.3．Objectivity445

10.2.2．Raising449

10.2.2.1．Critique450

10.2.2.2．The Active-Zone Analysis453

10.2.2.3．Raising vs.Equi457

Chapter 11—Further Issues464

11.1．Rule Interactions464

11.2．Coordination472

11.2.1．Conjunctions472

11.2.2．Level of Coordination476

11.2.3．Differentiation of Conjuncts479

11.2.4．Phonological Coinstantiation485

11.3．Anaphora490

11.4．Speech Acts494

11.4.1．Domains and Organization495

11.4.2．Viewing Arrangements498

11.4.3．Basic Sentence Types503

Chapter 12—Theoretical Discussion507

12.1．Metaphors,Goals,and Expectations507

12.2．The Autonomy Issue514

12.2.1．Defining the Issue515

12.2.2．Assessing the Symbolic Alternative520

12.3．Processing,Rules,and Representations525

12.3.1．The Connectionist Alternative526

12.3.2．The Representation of Linguistic Structure528

12.3.2.1．A Spectrum of Positions528

12.3.2.2．The Nature of Linguistic Rules533

Conclusion and Prospectus537

REFERENCE MATTER543

Glossary543

References557

Index575