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CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Missile Guidance1

1.1 Development History of Rockets and Missiles1

1.2 Categories of Guided Missiles2

1.3 Missile Guidance Systems4

1.4 Introduction to Command Guidance System6

1.5 Introduction to Homing Guidance System8

1.5.1 Basic Concept and Classification of Homing Guidance System8

1.5.2 Introduction to Seeker9

1.6 Brief Introduction to Guidance Laws13

1.7 Autopilots14

1.8 Outline of the Book15

References16

CHAPTER 2 Basic Knowledge of Flight Dynamics17

2.1 Coordinate Frames17

2.2 Motion Parameters19

2.3 Geometrical Parameters of Vehicle22

2.4 Forces and Moments Acting on Vehicle23

2.4.1 Gravity24

2.4.2 Thrust24

2.4.3 Aerodynamic Forces26

2.4.4 Aerodynamic Moments30

2.5 Hinge Moments of Control Surfaces36

References37

CHAPTER 3 Equations of Motion for Vehicle38

3.1 Introduction38

3.2 Dynamic Equations40

3.2.1 Force Equations40

3.2.2 Moment Equations41

3.3 Kinematical Equations42

3.3.1 Kinematical Equations of the Mass Center of Vehicle42

3.3.2 Angular Motion Equations45

3.4 Small-disturbance Theory47

References51

CHAPTER 4 Longitudinal Motion52

4.1 State Variable Representation of the Linearized Longitudinal Equations52

4.2 Longitudinal Transfer Functions54

4.3 Longitudinal Approximations56

4.3.1 Short-period Approximation56

4.3.2 Short-period Approximation Transfer Function57

4.3.3 Effect of Altitude and Airspeed on Short-period Mode Characteristic Parameters58

4.3.4 Long-period Motion Approximation59

4.3.5 Effect of Altitude and Airspeed on Long-period Mode Characteristic Parameters60

4.4 Effects of the Variation of Aerodynamic Derivatives on the Longitudinal Motion61

4.5 Solution of the Longitudinal Equations(Control Surface Locked)62

4.6 Transient Response of Vehicle67

4.7 An Integrated Example70

References76

CHAPTER 5 Lateral Motion77

5.1 State Variable Representation of the Linearized Lateral Equations77

5.2 Lateral Transfer Functions79

5.3 Lateral Approximations83

5.3.1 Roll Approximation83

5.3.2 Effect of Altitude and Airspeed on Roll Mode Characteristic Parameters84

5.3.3 Dutch Roll Approximation84

5.3.4 Effect of Altitude and Airspeed on Dutch Roll Mode Characteristic Parameters85

5.3.5 Spiral Approximation85

5.4 Effect of Aerodynamic Derivative Variation on Lateral Dynamics Characteristics86

5.5 Examples of Lateral Motion87

5.6 Small Disturbance Motion Equation Reduction for a Missile with Two Symmetrical Planes96

References103

CHAPTER 6 Flight Control of Missile104

6.1 Introduction104

6.2 Control Force Generation105

6.2.1 Aerodynamic Force Control105

6.2.2 Thrust Vector Control107

6.2.3 Rocket Injection Control109

6.3 Steering Components109

6.3.1 Aerodynamic Control Surfaces109

6.3.2 Jet Steering Components111

6.4 Missile Maneuverability and Load Factor112

6.5 Control Surface Specification114

6.6 Flight Control System with Attitude Control116

6.6.1 Control System Components116

6.6.2 Longitudinal Control117

6.6.3 Lateral Directional Control119

6.7 Guidance System with Acceleration Control121

6.7.1 Acceleration Control121

6.7.2 The Two-acceleration Lateral Autopilot124

6.8 Roll Rate Stabilization126

6.9 Missile Servos126

6.9.1 Pneumatic Servos127

6.9.2 Hydraulic Servos129

6.9.3 Electric Servos130

6.10 Gyroscopes130

6.11 Free or Position Gyroscopes133

6.12 Rate Gyroscopes134

6.13 Accelerometers135

6.14 Altimeters137

References138

CHAPTER 7 Guidance Laws139

7.1 Motion of a Target139

7.2 Remote Control Guidance Method142

7.2.1 Three-point Method143

7.2.2 Lead Angle Method149

7.3 Homing Guidance Relative Motion Equations150

7.4 Pursuit Method153

7.5 Constant-bearing Guidance155

7.6 Proportional Navigation155

References164

CHAPTER 8 Autopilot Design165

8.1 Introduction165

8.2 Autopilot of Roll Channel167

8.3 Autopilot Design Considering Body Flexibility171

8.4 Nonlinear Stability Loop Design for Roll Channel177

8.5 Acceleration Control System Design182

8.6 Longitudinal Control System Design for Cruise Missile187

8.7 Lateral Control System Design for Cruise Missile192

References198

CHAPTER 9 Command Guidance Systems199

9.1 Principle of Command Guidance199

9.1.1 Introduction199

9.1.2 Actual Flight Phases203

9.1.3 Command Generation204

9.2 Guidance Stations207

9.2.1 Basic Concepts of Radars208

9.2.2 Types of Guidance Stations213

9.2.3 Radars of Guidance Stations215

9.2.4 Guidance Radar Systems216

9.3 Linear Scan Radar218

9.3.1 Angle Measurement218

9.3.2 Range-tracking Systems221

9.3.3 Components of Linear Scan Guidance Radar223

9.4 Commands Transmission227

9.4.1 Transmission Channel227

9.4.2 Command Types227

9.4.3 Multiplex Manners of Commands228

9.4.4 Modulation of Commands228

9.4.5 Transmission Time Arrangement of Command Pulses229

9.4.6 Command Pulse Encoding231

9.4.7 Command Decoding and Demodulation232

9.5 Brief Introduction to Optical-electronic Technique233

9.6 Monopulse Guidance Radar234

9.6.1 Amplitude-comparison Monopulse234

9.6.2 Phase-comparison Monopulse239

9.7 Phased-array Radar241

9.7.1 Principle of Phase Scanning241

9.7.2 Space Feed245

9.7.3 Phase Shifters247

9.7.4 Angle Measurement of Phased Array Radar248

9.7.5 Range and Angle Tracking System of Phased Array Radar251

9.7.6 Brief Introduction to Multi-function Phased Array Radar252

9.8 Command Guidance System Design253

References255

CHAPTER 10 Homing Guidance Systems256

10.1 Basic Concepts of Homing Guidance256

10.1.1 Components of Homing Guidance System256

10.1.2 Classification of Homing Guidance257

10.1.3 Rate of Change of Line-of-sight259

10.1.4 Guidance Command of Homing Guidance System260

10.2 Homing Heads261

10.2.1 Introduction to Homing Heads261

10.2.2 Radar Homing Heads263

10.3 Semi-active Radar Homing Heads264

10.3.1 Main Technique Performance264

10.3.2 Work Principle of a Semi-active Continuous Wave Seeker267

10.3.3 Target Illumination280

10.4 Brief Introduction to Active Radar Homing Head280

10.5 Antenna Boresight Stabilization and Track281

10.5.1 Gyro Stabilization Platform Scheme282

10.5.2 Rate Gyro Feedback Scheme283

10.5.3 Noises Acting on Homing Heads285

10.6 Infrared Seekers286

10.6.1 Infrared Radiation286

10.6.2 Introduction to Detectors287

10.6.3 Infrared Point Source Seekers289

10.6.4 Infrared Imaging Seekers292

10.7 Homing Guidance System Design294

10.7.1 Homing Guidance Geometrical Relation294

10.7.2 Example of Homing Guidance System Design295

10.8 Homing Guidance System Model297

10.8.1 Nonlinear Kinematical Element of Homing Guidance297

10.8.2 Block Diagram of Homing Guidance System Model298

References299

CHAPTER 11 Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation of Guidance and Control System300

11.1 Functions of Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation300

11.2 Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation System300

11.2.1 Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation System Components300

11.2.2 Subsystem Functions302

11.3 Simulation Equipments304

11.3.1 Three-axis Flight Simulator304

11.3.2 Hydraulic Load Simulator308

11.3.3 Linear Acceleration Simulator310

11.3.4 Simulation Computer311

11.3.5 Infrared Target Simulator311