Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2000 英文版2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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1.General Approach to the Patient; Health Malntenance Dlsease Prevention; Common Symptoms[Stephen J. McPhee],MD, [Steven A. Schroeder], MD1

General Approach to the Patient1

Health Maintenance Disease Prevention2

Infectious Diseases3

Cardiovascular Cerebrovascular Diseases5

Preface11

Physical Inactivity Sedentary Lirestyle12

Cancer13

Authors15

Accidents Violence16

Substance Abuse: Alcohol IIIicit Drugs17

Pain19

Common Symptoms19

Fever Hyperthermia29

Weight Loss31

Fatigue32

2. Preoperative Evaluation[Joshua S. Adler], MD, [Lee Goldman], MD,MPH35

Physiologic Effects of Anesthesia Surgery35

Evaluation of the Asymptomatic Patient35

Cardiac Risk Assessment36

Pulmonary Evaluation in Non-Lung Resection Surgery40

Evaluation of the Patient With Liver Disease42

Neurologic Evaluation43

11. Systemic Hyertension[Barry M.Massie],MD44

Management of Endocrine Diseases44

Renal Disease45

3. Gerlatric Medicine[Nell M. Resnick], MD47

Greneral Principoes of Geriatric Medicine47

Evaluation of the Elderly50

Physical Examination51

Mental Status Examination53

Evaluation of Functional Capacity in the Elderly53

Laboratory Examinations Imaging54

The Frail Elderly the Five I s54

Intellectual Impairment55

Immobility(Chair-or Bed-Bound)58

Instability(Physical Instability,Falls, Unstable Gait)59

Urinary Incontinence62

Iatrogenic Drug Reactions65

Overview of Special Considerations in Treating the Elderly66

4. Cancer[Hope S. Rugo],MD71

Incidence Etiology71

Prevention of Cancer74

Primary Prevention74

Secondary Prevention78

Special Topics in Prevention79

Staging of Cancer80

Primary Cancer Treatment80

Surgery Radiation Therapy80

Systemic Cancer Therapy82

Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Micrometastases93

Toxicity Dose Modification of Chemotherapeutic Agents94

Evaluation of Tumor Response99

Tumor Size99

Tumor Markers100

General Well-Being, Performance Status, Supportive Care101

Cancer Complications: Diagnosis Management102

Oncologic Emergencies102

Other Complications105

The Paraneoplastic Syndromes107

Novel Therapies for Cancer Treatment108

Expectations About the End of Life111

The End of Life111

Diagnosis of the End of Life111

5. Care at the End of Life[Michael W. Rabow],MD, [Robert V.Brody],MD111

The Role of the Physician at the End of Life112

Caring for the Family112

The Limits of Care at the End of Life113

The Setting Structure of Care113

Ethical Legal Background113

Advance Diectives114

DNAR Orders114

Hospice Care115

Cultural Issues115

The Specific Tasks of Caring116

Symptom Management116

Psychologic, Social, Spiritual Issues119

Nutrition Hydration119

Withdrawal of Support119

Tasks After Death121

The Pronouncement Death Certificate121

Autopsy Organ Donation122

Follow-Up Griving122

6. Skin, Hair, Naiis[Timothy G. Berger],MD124

Diagnosis of Skin Disorders124

Principoes of Dermatologic Therapy124

Common Dermatoses129

Pigmented Lesions129

Scaling Disorders133

Vesicular Dermatoses146

Weeping or Encrusted Lesions151

Pustular Disorders153

Figurate Erythemas159

Blistering Diseases163

Papules165

Violaceous to Purple Papules Nodules169

Pruritus(Itching)171

Inflammatory Nodules175

Photodermatitis177

Ulcers178

Miscellaneous Dermatologic Disorders180

Pigmentary Disorders180

Baldness(Alopecia)182

Nail Disorders183

Dermatitis Medicamentosa(Drug Eruption)184

7. Eye[Paul Riordan-Eva],FRCS,FRCOphth, [Daniei G. Vaughan],MD189

Symptoms of Ocular Disease189

Ocular Examination190

Ophthalmologic Referrals192

Refractive Errors193

Disorders of the Lids Lacrimal Apparatus194

Conjunctivitis195

Corneal UIcer198

Pinguecula Pterygium198

Acute(Angle-Closure)Glaucoma200

Open-Angle Glaucoma201

Uveitis202

Cataract204

Retinal Detachrnent204

Vitreous Hemorrhage205

Age-Related Macular Degeneration205

Central Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions206

Central Branch Retinal Artery Occlusions207

Amaurosis Fugax208

Retinal Disorders Associated With Systemic Diseases208

Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy211

Optic Neuritis211

Optic Disk Swelling212

Ocular Motor Palsies212

Orbhital Cellulitis213

Dysthyroid Eye Disease213

Ocular Trauma214

Principles of Treatment of Ocular Infections215

Techniques Used in the Treatment of Ocular Disorders219

Precautions in Management of Ocular Disorders221

Adverse Ocular Effects of Systemic Drugs221

8. Ear, Nose, Throat[Robert K. Jackier],MD, [Michael J. Kaplan],MD223

Diseases of the Ear223

Diseases of the Nose Paranasal Sinuses237

Diseases of the Oral Cavity Pharynx246

Diseases of the Salivary Glands252

Diseases of the Larynx253

Tracheostomy Cricothyrotomy256

Foreign Bodies in the Upper Aerodigestive Tract257

Diseases Presenting as Neck Masses258

Otolaryngologic Manifestations of HIV Infection260

Dyspnea264

9.Lung[Mark S.Chesnutt],MD, [Thomas J.Prendergast],MD264

Symptoms Sings of Lung Disease264

Cough265

Hemoptysis266

Physical Examination267

Pulmonary Function Tests268

Disorders of the Airways271

Pulmonary Infections292

Pulmonary Nodules, Masses, Tumors308

Interstitial Infiltrative Lung Diseases316

Disorders of the Pulmonary Circulation321

Enviruonmental Occupational Lung Disorders332

Pleural Diseases338

Disorders of Control of Ventilation344

Acute Respiratory Failure346

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome(ARDS)348

10. Heart[Barry M. Massie],MD, [Thomas M. Amidon],MD351

Symptoms Signs351

Diagnostic Testing354

Congenital Heart Disease355

Valvular Heart Disease360

Coronary Heart Disease369

Disturbances of Rate Rhythm397

Conduction Disturbances412

Cardiac Failure416

Myocarditis the Cardiomyopathies427

Acute Rheumatic Fever Rheumatic Heart Disease431

Diseases of the Pericardium433

Pulmonary Hypertension Heart Disease436

Neoplastic Diseases of the Heart438

Cardiac Involvement in Miscellaneous Systemic Diseases438

The Cardiac Patient Surgery439

The Cardiac Patient Pregnancy441

Management of Hypertension445

Hypertensive Urgencies Emergencies463

Diseases of the Aorta467

12. Blood Vessels Lymphatics[Lawrence M. Tiemey,Jr.],MD, [Louis M.Messina],MD467

Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease472

Vasomotor Disorders482

Venous Diseases485

Diseases of the Lymphatic Channels493

Hypotension Shock495

13.Blood[Charles A.Linker],MD499

Anemias499

Neutropenia517

Leukemias Other Myeloproliferative Disorders518

Lymphomas529

Disorders of Hemostasis535

Hypercoagulable States547

Blood Transfusions549

14. Alimentary Tract[Kenneth R.McQuaid],MD553

Symptoms Signs of Gastrointestinal Disease553

Diseases of the Peritoneum573

Diseases of the Esophagus578

Diseases of the Stomach Duodenum595

Diseases of the Small Intestine613

Diseases of the Colon Rectum628

Anorectal Diseases651

15.Liver,Biliary Tract, Pancreas[Lawrence S. Friedman], MD656

Jaundice (Icterus)656

Diseases of the Liver659

Diseases of the Biliary Tract683

Diseases of the Pancreas691

16. Breast[Armando E.Giuliano],MD698

Benign Breast Disorders698

Fibrocystic Disease698

Fibroadenoma of the Breast699

Nipple Discharge699

Fat Necrosis700

Breast Abscess700

Disorders of the Augmented Breast701

Carcinoma of the Female Breast701

Carcinoma of the Male Breast721

17. Gynecology[H.Trent MacKay],MD,MPH723

Abnormal Premenopausal Bleeding723

Postmenopausal Vaginal Bleeding724

Premenstrual Syndrome (Premenstrual Tension)725

Dysmenorrthea726

Vaginitis726

Effects of Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol in Utero728

Cyst Abscess of Bartholin s Duct728

Cervical Polyps728

Cervicitis728

Cervical Intracpithelial Neoplasia729

Carcinoma of the Cervix730

Leiomyoma of the Uterus732

Carcinoma of the Endometrium733

Carcinoma of the Vulva734

Endometriosis734

Genital Prolapse735

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease736

Uterine Prolapse736

Ovarian Tumors738

Persistent Anovulation741

Painful Intercourse742

Infertility743

Contraception745

Rape753

Menopausal Syndrome754

18. Obstetrics[William R.Crombleholme],MD758

Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis of Pregnancy758

Essentials of Prenatal Care758

Nutrition in Pregnancy761

Travel Immunizations During Pregnancy762

Vorniting of Pregnancy Hyperemesis Gravidarum762

Spontaneous Abortion762

Recurrent(Habitual)Abortion764

Ectopic Pregnancy764

Preeclampsia-Eclampsia765

Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia768

Third-Trimester Bleeding769

Medical Conditions Complicating Pregnancy770

Surgical Complications During Pregnancy777

Prevention of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn779

Prevention of Preterm(Premature)Labor779

Lactation780

Puerperal Mastitis780

19. Allergic Immunologic Disorders[Jeffrey L.Kishiyama],MD, [Daniel C.Adelman],MD783

Allergic Diseases783

Atopic Disease784

Allergic Rhinitis784

Anaphylaxis,Urticaria, Angioedema788

Drug Allergy789

Immune Complex Disease(Serum Sickness)790

Pseudoallergic Reactions790

Cells Involved in Immunity791

Clinical Immunology791

Tests for Cellular Immunity793

Immunoglobulin Structure Function794

Immunodeficiency Disorders796

Common Variable Immunodeficiency796

Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency797

Diseases of Immunoglobulin Overproduction797

Autoimmunity798

Tests for Autoantibodies Associated With Autoimmune Disease799

Autoimmune Diseases799

Immunogenetics Transplantation801

Genetic Control of the Immune Response801

Associations Between HLA Antigens Specific Diseases801

Clinical Transplantation802

Mechanism of Action of Immunosuppressive Drugs804

Immunomodulating Therapies805

20. Arthritis Musculoskeletal Disorders[David B. Hellmann], MD, FACP, [John H. Store],MD,MPH807

Diagnosis Evaluation807

Degenerative Crystal-Induced Arthritis808

Pain Syndromes815

Autoimmune Diseases826

Vasculitis Syndromes841

Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies846

Infections Arthritis850

Infections of Bones853

Tumors Tumor-Like Lesions of Bone856

Other Rheumatic Disorders857

Some Orthopedic Procedures for Arthritic Joints858

21. Fluid Electrolyte Disorders[Toshihiro Okuda],MD,PhD,[Kiyoshi Kurokawa],MD,MACP, [Maxine A.Papadakis],MD860

Diagnosis of Fluid Electrolyte Disorders860

Treatment of Specific Fluid,Electrolyte, Acid-Base Disorders861

Disorders of Sodium Concentration861

Disorders of Calcium Concentration870

Disorders of Phosphorus Concentration872

Disorders of Magnesium Concentration874

Hyperosmolar Disorders Osmolar Gaps875

Acid-Base Disorders875

Fluid Management884

Disorders of Potassium Concentration886

22. Kidney[Suzanne Watnick],MD, [Gail Morrison],MD886

Approach to Renal Disease886

Acute Renal Failure890

Chronic Renal Disease895

Glomerulonephropathies902

Tubulointerstitial Diseases911

Cystic Diseases of the Kidney913

Medullary Sponge Kidney915

Multisystem Diseases With Variable Kidney Involvement915

23. Urolgy[Joseph C.Presti,Jr.], MD, [Marshall L. Stoller],MD, [Peter R. Carroll],MD,FACS917

Urologic Evaluation917

Evaluation of Hematuria921

Genitourinary Tract Infections922

Acute Cystitis923

Acute Pyelonephritis924

Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis926

Acute Bacterial Prostatitis926

Nonbacterial Prostatitis927

Prostatodynia928

Acute Epididymitis928

Urinary Stone Disease929

Urinary Incontinence933

Male Erectile Dysfunction Sexual Dysfunction936

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia939

Malignant Genitourinary Tract Disorders946

Prostate Cancer946

Bladder Cancer951

Cancers of the Ureter Renal Pelvis954

Primary Tumors of the Kidney954

Secondary Tumors of the Kidney955

Primary Tumors of the Testis955

Secondary Tumors of the Testis957

Headache959

24. Nervous System[Michael J.Aminoff],MD,FRCP]959

Facial Pain962

Epilepsy965

Neurologic Causes of Syncope969

Sensory Disturbances970

Weakness Paralysis970

Transient Ischemic Attacks970

Stroke973

Intracranial Spinal Space-Occupying Lesions980

Nonmetastatic Neurologic Complications of Malignant Disease985

Pseudotumor Cerebri985

Selected Neurocutaneous Diseases986

Movement Disorders987

Dementia994

Multiple Sclerosis994

Vitamin E Deficiency995

Spasticity995

Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord996

Wernicke s Encephalopathy996

Myelopathy of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus996

Myelopathies in AIDS996

Stupor Coma997

Head Injury999

Spinal Trauma1000

Syringomyelia1001

Motor Neuron Diseases1001

Peripheral Neuropathies1002

Discogenic Neck Back Pain1009

Brachial Lumbar Plexus Lesions1013

Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission1013

Myopathic Disorders1015

Periodic Paralysis Syndrome1017

25. Psychiatric Disorders[Stuart J.Eisendrath],MD, [Jonathan E. Lichtmacher],MD1019

Psychiatric Assessment1020

Treatment Approaches1021

Common Psychiatric Disorders1022

Substance Use Disorders1062

Delirium, Dementia, Other Cognitive Disorders1071

Geriatric Psychiatric Disorders1074

Psychiatric Problems Associated With Hospitalization Medical Surgical Disorders1075

26. Endocrinology[Paul A.Fitzgerald],MD1079

Common Presentations in Endocrinology1079

Diseases of the Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland1083

Diseases of the Thyroid Gland1092

The Parathyroids1115

Metabolic Bone Disease1121

Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex1126

Diseases of the Adrenal Medulla1135

Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors1138

Diseases of the Testes1139

Amenorrhea Menopause1142

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia1148

Clinical Use of Glucocorticoids1149

27. Diabetes Mellitus Hypoglycemia[John H.Karam],MD1152

Diabetes Mellitus1152

Diabetic Coma1186

The Hypoglycemic States1192

28.Lipid Abnormalities[Robert B. Baron],MD,MS1198

Lipids Lipoproteins1198

Lipoproteins Atherogenesis1198

Lipid Fractions the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease1200

Therapeutic Effects of Lowering Cholesterol1200

Clinical Presentations1202

Screening for High Blood Cholesterol1202

Secondary Conditions That Affect Lipid Metabolism1202

Treatment of High LDL Cholesterol1205

High Blood Triglycerides1209

29. Nutrition[Robert B. Baron],MD,MS1211

Nutritional Requirements1211

Assessment of Nutritional Status1215

Nutritional Disorders1220

Eating Disorders1225

Disorders of Vitamin Metabolism1227

Diet Therapy1232

Nutritional Support1234

30. General Problems In Infectious Diseases[Richard A.Jacobs],MD,PhD1241

Fever of Unknown Origin(FUO)1241

Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient1243

Nosocomial Infections1246

Infections of the Central Nervous System1248

Animal Human Bite Wounds1250

Sexually Transmitted Diseases1251

Infections in Drug Users1252

Acute Infectious Diarrhea1253

Traveler s Diarrhea1254

Active Immunization Against Infectious Diseases1257

Recommended Immunization of Infants, Children, Adolescents1257

Recommended Immunization of Adults1257

Recommended Immunization for Travelers1262

Hypersensitivity Tests Desensitization1264

31. HIV Infection[Mitchell H.Katz],MD, [Harry Hollander],MD1266

Epidemiology1267

Pathophysiology1269

Pathogenesis1269

Etiology1269

Clinical Findings1270

Differential Diagnosis1279

Prevention1280

Treatment1282

Course Prognosis1293

32. Infectious Eiseases:Viral Rickettsial[Alain Bouckenooghe],MD, [Wayne X.Shandera],MD1295

Viral Diseases1295

Human Herpesviruses1296

Major Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections1306

Other Neurotropic Viruses1312

Other Systemic Viral Diseases1317

Common Viral Respiratory Infections1320

Adenovirus Infections1323

Other Exanthematous Viral Infections1323

Viruses Gastroenteritis1324

Viruses That Produce Several Syndromes1325

Typhus Group1326

Rickettsial Diseases1326

Spotted Fevers1329

Other Rickettsial Rickettsial-Like Diseases1331

33.Infectious Diseases:Bacterial Chlamydial[Henry F.Chambers],MD1334

Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria1334

Infective Endocarditis1346

Infections Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria1351

Nocardiosis1367

Actinomycosis1367

Infections Caused by Mycobacteria1368

Infections Caused by Chlamydiae1373

34. Infectious Diseases:Spirochetal[Richard A.Jacobs],MD,PhD1376

Syphilis1376

Non-Sexually Transmitted Treponematoses1386

Miscellaneous Spirochetal Diseases1387

Relapsing Fever1387

Leptospirosis1388

Rat-Bite Fever1388

Lyme Disease1389

35. Infectious Diseases:Protozoal Helminthic[Robert S.Goldsmith],MD,MPH,DTM H1396

Protozoal Infections1396

African Trypanosomiasis(Sleeping Sickness)1396

American Trypanosomiasis(Chagas Disease)1398

Amebiasis1400

Pathogenic Free-Living Amebas1405

Babesiosis (Piroplasmosis)1406

Balantidiasis1407

Coccidial Microsporidial Infections: Cryptosporidiosis,Isosporiasis, Sarcocystosis1407

Giardiasis1410

Leishmaniasis1412

Malaria1416

Toxoplasmosis1427

Helminthic Infections1429

Trematode(Fluke)Infections1429

Cestode Infections1436

Nematode (Roundworm)Infections1443

36. Infectious Diseases:Mycotic[Richard J.Hamill],MD1463

Candidiasis1463

Histoplasmosis1464

Coccidioidomycosis1465

Pneumocystosis1467

Cryptococcosis1469

Aspergillosis1470

Blastomycosis1471

Mucormycosis1471

Paracoccidioidomycosis1472

Sporotrichosis1472

Penicillium marneffei Infections1472

Chromomycosis1473

Mycetoma1473

Other Opportunistic Mold Infections1473

Antifungal Therapy1474

37. Anti-infective Chemotherapeutic Antibiotic Agents[Richard A.Jacobs],MD,PhD, [B.Joseph Guglielmo]PharmD1476

Some Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy1476

Penicillins1484

Cephalosporins1489

Other β-Lactam Drugs1493

Erythromycin Group(Macrolides)1494

Azalides1495

Tetracycline Group1496

Chloramphenicol1497

Aminoglycosides1497

Polymyxins1500

Antituberculous Drugs1500

Sulfonamides Antifolate Drugs1503

Sulfones Used in the Treatment of Leprosy1505

Specialized Drugs Used Against Bacteria1505

Streptogramins1507

Quinolones1507

Pentamidine Atovaquone1510

Urinary Antiseptics1510

Antifungal Drugs1511

Systemically Active Drugs in Urinary Tract Infections1511

Antiviral Chemotherapy1515

38. Disorders Due to Physical Agents[Richard Cohen], MD,MPH, [Brent R.W.Moelleken],MD,FACS1520

Disorders Due to Cold1520

Disorders Due to Heat1525

Burns1528

Electric Shock1532

Ionizing Radiation Reactions1533

Drowning1535

Other Disorders Due to Physical Agents1537

39.Poisoning[Kent R.Oison],MD1541

Initial Evaluation of the Patient With Poisoning or Drug Overdose1541

The Symptomatic Patient1541

Antidotes Other Treatment1546

Diagnosis of Poisoning1548

Clinical Laboratory Tests in Management of Poisoning1549

Treatment of Common Specific Poisonings(Alphabetical Order)1551

40. Medical Genetics[Reed E.Pyeritz],MD,PhD1574

Introduction to Medical Genetics1574

Genes Chromosomes1575

Mutation1576

Genes in Individuals1577

Genes in Families1578

Disorders of Multifactorial Causation1580

Chromosomal Aberrations1581

The Techniques of Medical Genetics1582

Cytogenetics1582

Biochemical Genetics1584

DNA Analysis1585

Prenatal Diagnosis1587

Neoplasia:Chromosomal DNA Analysis1589

Selected Genetic Disorders1591

Acute Intermittent Porphyria1591

Alkaptonuria1592

Down s Syndrome1593

Gaucher s Disease1594

Homocystinuria1594

Klinefelter s Syndrome1595

Homocysteine Arterial Occlusive Disease1595

Marfan s Syndrome1596

41. Diagnostic Testing Medical Declsion Mading[C.Diana Nicoll],MD,PhD,[Michael Pignone],MD,MPH, [William M.Detmer],MD,MSc1598

Benefits; Costs Risks1598

Performance of Diagnostic Tests1599

Test Characteristics1599

Use of Tests in Diagnosis Management1602

Odds-Likelihood Ratios1603

The Internet in Clinical Practice1609

42. Informatics in Patient Care: The Internet, Telemedicine, Clinical Decision Support[Justin V.Graham],MD, [Rick G. Kulkaml],MD1609

Information Reliability Quality Assessment1610

Health Information Security1611

Patient-Clinician E-Mail Communication1612

Interactive Forums1613

Telemedicine1614

Clinical Decision Support Systems1614

Appendix:Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Laboratory Reference Ranges[C.Diana Nicoll], MD,PhD1617

Index1627