语法、意义与语用2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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Introduction&Frank Brisard1

1．Theories of grammar2

2．Topics in pragmatics9

3．Naturalizing grammar12

Constructional analysis&Kiki Nikiforidou16

1．Construction grammar and pragmatic analysis16

2．The pragmatics of grammar17

3．Extending the scope:Conventional pragmatics and conventional discourse21

4．Constructions in grammaticalization26

5．Summary and prospects28

Control phenomena&Benjamin Lyngfelt33

1．Introduction33

2．Complement control-object clauses35

2.1 Control shift36

2.2 Other kinds of complement control37

3．Adjunct control38

4．Arbitrary control40

5．Less discussed control patterns43

5.1 Control in noun phrases and adjective phrases43

5.2 Indirect control45

5.3 Some other control relations46

6．Outlook47

Definiteness&Ritva Laury50

1．Definite descriptions and reference50

2．Definiteness and identifiability52

3．Choice between types of definite expressions55

4．Definiteness and grammar59

5．Definiteness marking60

6．Development of definiteness61

7．Conclusion62

Emergent grammar&Marja-Liisa Helasvuo66

1．Introduction66

2．Routinization and the emergence of grammar67

3．Emergent grammar within linguistics70

Frame analysis&Branca Telles Ribeiro ＆ Susan M.Hoyle74

1．Introduction74

2．Whatare frames?74

3．Frame and context in interaction77

4．Frame andfooting79

5．Framing and nonverbal communication80

6．Framing in everyday talk80

7．Framing in play82

8．Framing and institutional discourse83

8.1 Framing and education84

8.2 Framing and medicine84

9．Perspectives for future research86

Functional Discourse Grammar:pragmatic aspects&Mike Hannay ＆ Kees Hengeveld91

1．Introduction91

2．Outline of the model91

2.1 FDG and verbal interaction91

2.2 The architecture of FDG92

2.3 Levels and layers94

3．The interpersonal level95

4．Discourse Acts and the relations between them96

4.1 Introduction96

4.2 Rhetorical functions97

4.3 Illocution102

5．Subacts and the relations between them105

5.1 Introduction105

5.2 Pragmatic functions106

5.3 Ascription and Reference111

6．Conclusion114

Generative semantics&James D.McCawley？117

1．The history of generative semantics117

2．Tenets of GS121

2.1 Against deep structure121

2.2 Derivational constraints123

2.3 Context and acceptability123

2.4 Pragmatics integrated in semantics123

2.5 The status oflogic124

2.6 'Transformations'125

2.7 The'base'126

3．Pragmatics in GS126

Iconicity&El？bieta Tabakowska129

1．Introduction129

2．History129

3．Iconicity we live by:The state of the art133

3.1 Iconicity as interpretation133

3.2 Principles of iconicity134

3.3 Types of iconicity136

3.4 Areas of research139

4．Perspectives142

Information structure&Jeanette K.Gundel ＆ ThorsteinFretheim146

1．Introduction146

2．What is information structure？147

2.1 Referential givenness/newness147

2.2 Relational givenness/newness—Topic-focus structure148

3．How do languages express information structure？150

3.1 Information structure and sentence intonation150

3.2 Information structure and morphosyntax153

4．The grammar-pragmatics interface155

Mental spaces&Todd Oakley161

1．Meanings are not"in"the words themselves161

2．What are mental spaces？162

3．Role and value in reference165

4．Other features of mental spaces theory166

4.1 Elements，relations，frames166

4.2 Space builders167

5． Spaces and the problems of reference，ambiguity,and presupposition168

5.1 Referential opacity168

5.2 Pragmatic ambiguity169

5.3 Presupposition and optimization169

6．Mental spaces and perspective in conditionals,counterfactuals,and deixis171

6.1 Conditionals and counterfactuals171

6.2 Deictic expressions172

7．Mental spaces and discourse management174

8．Conclusion177

Modality&Ferenc Kiefer179

1．Introduction179

2．Modality in logic179

3．Necessity and possibility in linguistics181

3.1 Epistemic modality182

3.2 Deontic modality184

3.3 Some further types of modality185

3.4 The linguistic tradition188

4．Evidentials190

5．A possible synthesis192

6．Syntactic treatments of modality194

7．Modality and pragmatics197

7.1 Two readings of'possible'197

7.2 The illocutionary meaning of modal verbs197

7.3 Deontic speech acts199

7.4 Ability and possibility200

7.5 Modality and grammaticalization201

8．Prospects203

Negation&Matti Miestamo208

1．Scope of negation208

2．Markedness of negation210

3．The expression of negation in the world's languages214

4．Negative polarity items219

5．Negation and scalarity220

6．Metalinguistic negation221

7．Negative transport223

8．Negation in diachrony224

9．The acquisition of negation226

Prague school&Petr Sgall230

1．Historical overview230

2．Main concepts and fields of research232

3．Prague functionalism and pragmatics235

Role and Reference Grammar&Robert D.Van Valin，Jr.239

1．Introduction239

2．Historical background239

3．Central concepts240

3.1 Clause structure240

3.2 Semantic structure242

3.3 Focus structure245

3.4 Grammatical relations and linking245

4．Some implications of RRG247

Semantics vs.pragmatics&Ken Turner250

1．Fregean beginnings250

2．Fromthenuntilnow250

3．Current manoeuvres:（Neo-（Post-））Gricean pragmatics253

3.1 Relevance Theory254

3.2 The Least Effort Hypothesis254

3.3 The Q-，I-and M-Principles Hypothesis255

3.4 Pragmatic intrusion257

4．Current manoeuvres:（Neo-（Post-））Kaplanean semantics259

5．Postscript:The logical basis of the semantics-pragmatics interface263

6．Conclusion263

Tense and aspect&Robert Ⅰ.Binnick268

1．The semantics of markers of tense and/or aspect268

1.1 Tense268

1.2 Aspect268

1.3 Aktionsart269

1.4 Underspecification and the pragmatics of tense and aspect270

2．Discourse functions in MTA choice272

2.1 Genre272

2.2 Focalization272

2.3 Function274

3．Discourse coherence in the interpretation of MTAs274

3.1 Discourse coherence274

3.2 The linguistic level275

3.3 The intentionallevel278

3.4 The attentional level283

Wordorder&Mirjam Fried289

1．Syntactic typology289

2．Pragmatic functions of word order290

3．Cognitive correlates of theme/rheme notions293

4．Word order in grammatical descriptions and linguistic theory294

5．Diachronic perspective296

6．Concluding remarks297

Index301