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CONTENTS1

EXERCISES1

MORPHOLOGY1

1 Noun1

1.1 Countable and Uncountable Nouns1

1.2 Number of Noun2

Mixed Type（1.1—1.2）4

1.3 The Possessive Case of Noun5

1.4 Syntactic Function of Noun6

2 Pronoun7

2.1 Kinds of Pronouns7

2.2 Personal Pronouns9

2.3 Possessive Pronouns10

2.4 Reflexive and Emphasizing Pronouns11

2.5 Indefinite Pronouns13

2.6 Reciprocal and Demonstrative Pronouns17

Mixed Type on Pronouns18

3 Pro-forms21

4 The Numeral25

4.1 Syntactic Function of the Numeral25

4.2 Expressions of Time and Formulas27

4.3 Multiple27

4.4 Dimensions and Properties29

5 Article30

6 Adjective and Adverb36

6.1 Syntactic Function ofAdjective andAdverb36

6.2 Syntactic Function of Adjective Phrase38

6.3 Comparatives and Superlatives39

6.4 Positions of Adverb46

7 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases47

7.1 Syntactic Function of Prepositional Phrase47

7.2 Idiomatic Use of Prepositions49

7.2.1 about49

7.2.2 according to50

7.2.3 on account of50

7.2.4 along50

7.2.5 among50

7.2.6 around50

7.2.7 at51

7.2.8 for51

7.2.9 from52

7.2.10 in53

7.2.11 into54

7.2.12 of54

7.2.13 off55

7.2.14 on55

7.2.15 over56

7.2.16 to56

7.2.17 with58

7.2.18 against60

7.2.19 beyond60

7.2.20 within60

7.3 Prepositions Indicating Place,Direction or Movement60

7.4 Prepositions Indicating State62

7.5 Prepositions Indicating Time62

7.6 Prepositions Indicating Manner and Method63

7.7 Prepositions Indicating Exception64

7.8 Prepositions Indicating Concession65

7.9 Prepositions Indicating Cause or Reason66

Mixed Types on Prepositions66

8 Verb Classes79

8.1 Verb Classes79

8.2 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs82

8.3 Auxiliary Verb and Modal Verb83

Mixed Exercise on Auxiliary Verbs83

8.3.1 Auxiliary Verb"Be"84

8.3.2 Auxiliary Verb"Have"85

Mixed Exercise on Modal Verbs87

8.3.3 "Used to"and"Would Rather"89

8.3.4 Must,Mustn't,Needn't,Have to90

8.3.5 "Must＋Perfective"and"Should＋Perfective"91

Mixed Type on"Modal Verb＋Have＋V-ed"Form92

8.4 Semiauxiliaries93

8.4.1 Be able to＋inf93

8.4.2 Appear to/Seem to/Happen to/Chance to/Be likely to/Be certainto/Be sureto/＋inf93

8.5 Dynamic and Stative Verbs94

8.6 Phrasal Verbs95

9 Tenses100

9.1 The Simple Present Tense100

9.2 The Present Continuous Tense101

9.3 The Simple Past Tense103

9.4 The Past Continuous Tense106

9.5 The Simple Future Tense107

9.6 The Future Continuous Tense110

9.7 The Present Perfect Tense113

9.8 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense116

9.9 The Past Perfect Tense117

9.10 The Past Perfect Continuous Tense119

9.11 The Future PerfectTense120

9.12 The Future Perfect Continuous Tense121

9.13 The Past Future Indefinite Tense123

Mixed Exercises on Tenses123

10 Passive Voice134

11 The Subjunctive Mood140

12 Verb Complementation148

12.1 Vi.＋n.as Adverbial of Distance,Duration,Weight,Cost,etc148

12.2 Link-v.＋n./adj./adv./prep.phr./to v./v-ed/v-ing/pron./num./clause149

12.3 Vt.＋n./pron./num./to v./how (when,where,etc.)＋to v./gerund/adj./clause151

12.4 Vt.＋Indirect obj.＋Direct obj152

12.5 Vt.＋Double obj153

12.6 Vt.＋n.(or pron.)＋prep.＋n./pron./gerund153

12.7 Vt.＋obj.＋Objective Complement155

12.7.1 Vt.＋obj.＋n./adj./adv./prep.-phr./gerund155

12.7.2 Vt.＋obj.＋as-phrase156

12.7.3 Vt.＋obj.＋to v./v-ed/v-ing156

12.7.4 Vt.＋it＋adj./n./prep.-phr.＋to v./gerund/clause157

13 The Infinitive158

14 The Gerund168

15 The Participle171

The Mixed Exercises on Verbals176

SYNTAX186

16 Sentence Elements186

16.1 The Subject186

16.2 The Object187

16.3 The Predicative187

16.4 Subjective Complement and Objective Complement187

16.5 Indirect Speech190

16.6 The Predicate194

16.7 Concord Between Subject and Predicate Verb196

16.8 The Attribute199

16.9 The Adverbial201

16.10 Appositive202

16.11 Sentence Adverbials204

17 Kinds of Sentences—Classified by Use205

17.1 The Declarative Sentence205

17.1.1 Subj.＋vi205

17.1.2 Subject＋Phrasal v.（or Take/Have)＋It＋that-clause206

17.1.3 There be＋su bj207

17.2 The Interrogative Sentence209

17.2.1 Kinds of Interrogative Sentences209

17.2.3 General Question211

17.2.3 Special Question211

17.2.4 Alternative Question212

17.2.5 Tag-question212

17.3 The Imperative Sentence215

17.4 The Exclamatory Sentence215

18 Types of Sentences—Classified by Structure216

18.1 Types of Sentences216

18.2 Coordination219

19 The Noun Clause220

20 The Attributive Clause224

21 D iscontinuous Modification232

22 The Adverbial Clause233

22.1 Clauses of Time233

22.2 Clauses of Manner234

22.3 Clauses of Condition234

22.4 Clauses of Cause235

22.5 Clauses ofResult235

22.6 Clauses of Concession236

22.7 Clauses of Comparison237

Mixed Types on Adverbial Clauses237

Mixed Exercises on Subordinate Clauses245

23 Sentence Transformatiom253

24 Ellipsis260

25 Inversion263

26 Emphasis266

27 The Negative Forms268

APPEnkICES272

28 The Uses of"It"272

29 The Uses of"That"273

30 The Uses of"As"277

31 The Uses of"Such"281

GRAMMAR POINTS288

1 The Uses of"Some and Any"288

2 Expressions of Times295

3 Directions for Comparative Construction306

3.1 "One/Ones,That/Those" in Substitution for Noun in Comparative Construction306

3.2 The Uses of"To"in Comparative Construction306

3.3 Adjectives and Adverbs That Can Not Be Used in Comparative Construction306

3.4 The Uses of"The"Before Adjectives307

4 Idiomatic Use of Prepositions317

4.1 Prepositions Indicating Place or Position317

4.2 Prepositions Relating to Time321

4.3 Prepositions Indicating Direction or Movement326

4.4 Prepositions Used as an Expression ofManner or Instrument328

4.5 Prepositions Indicating Cause and Reason331

4.6 Prepositions Indicating Concession334

4.7 Prepositions Used as an Expression ofAccompaniment335

4.8 Prepositions Indicating Possession336

4.9 Prepositions Indicating Exception336

4.10 Prepositions Indicating Condition338

4.11 Prepositions Indicating Comparison339

5 Dynamic and Stative Verbs344

6 Auxiliary Verb and Modal Verb347

6.1 Auxiliary Verb"Be＋Infinitive"347

6.2 The Uses of Auxiliary Verb"Do"347

6.3 The Uses of"Can"and"Beable to"348

6.4 The Uses of"Must"and"Have to"349

6.5 The Uses of"Used to"and"Would"349

6.6 The Uses of"Modal v.＋Have＋Past Participle"349

7 Forms of Phrasal Verbs351

8 Tense359

8.1 Verbs That Can Not Be Used in the Continuous Tense359

8.2 Verbs That Can Not Be Used in the Present Perfect Tense361

9 Passive Voice365

9.1 Types of Passive Voice365

9.2 Some Other Forms of Expressing Passive Meaning369

9.3 Sentences That Can Not Be Changed into the Passive Voice370

10 Kinds of Link-verbs374

11 Infinitive Without"To"384

12 The Differences Between the Gerund and the Verbal Noun388

13 The Uses of Participles392

13.1 Directions for Participles392

13.2 "With＋n./pron.＋v-ing/v-ed/prep.phr./adj./adv."Construction394

13.3 "There Being＋n."Construction394

14 The Differences Among Participle,Gerund,and Infinitive398

15 Directions for Indirect Speech411

16 Kinds of the Predicate413

17 Expressions of Appositive417

18 Kinds of Compound Conjunctions424

19 Noun Clause428

19.1 Conjunctions Introducing Noun Clauses428

19.2 Noun Clauses Using"It"as the Formal Subject428

19.3 The Uses of"Whether"and"If"429

20 The Attributive Clause434

20.1 Choice of Relative Pronouns434

20.2 Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns435