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PART ONE: BACKGROUND AND SOURCES3

Ⅰ Historical background3

Periods in the history of Roman Law3

The period of the Kings5

The period of the Republic6

Praetorian development of the Law10

The period of the Empire11

Ⅱ The Concept of Jus and the sources of Roman Law14

Jus14

Jus Publicum and Jus Privatum14

Jus Naturale15

Jus Gentium15

Jus Civile16

Jus Honorarium17

Jus non Scriptum and Jus Scriptum17

Sources of Roman Law17

Ⅲ The codification of Roman Law The ⅩⅡ Tables21

Other codification prior to Justinian22

Justinian’s codification of the Law24

PART TWO: THE LAW OF PERSONS29

Ⅳ Classification of persons and Capitis Deminutio The law of persons29

Classification of persons29

Capitis Deminutio30

Ⅴ Patria Potestas32

Its meaning and significance32

Its creation34

Its termination37

Ⅵ Marriage39

Its nature39

Sponsalia39

Its requisites40

Laws of Augustus42

Forms of marriage42

Concubinage43

Dissolution of marriage43

Matrimonial property44

Children46

Ⅶ Tutors and curators49

Legal capacity49

Tutela Impuberum50

Tutela Perpetua Mulierum54

Cura55

Ⅷ Slavery59

Its nature59

Legal status of the slave59

Causes of enslavement60

Protection of the slave62

Termination of enslavement62

Quasi-servility66

PART THREE: THE LAW OF PROPERTY71

Ⅸ Division of things71

Meaning of a “thing”71

Division of things according to Gaius71

Division of things according to Justinian73

Other classifications74

Ⅹ Ownership and its acquisition77

Ownership and possession77

Ownership under Jus Gentium78

Ownership under Jus Civile82

Ownership acquired through an agent85

ⅩⅠ Property rights89

Rights of ownership and the right to alienate89

Rights over the property of another89

Servitudes90

Other Jura in Re Aliena94

PART FOUR: THE LAW OF WILLS AND SUCCESSION101

ⅩⅡ The nature and formalities of succession101

The nature of succession101

Validity of a will102

Types of will and formal requirements103

Testamenti Factio105

Opening and interpretation of a will107

Invalidation of a will107

ⅩⅢ Heirs and the inheritance109

Formal appointment109

Types of heir109

Substitution of heirs110

Co-heirs111

Vesting of the inheritance111

Forfeiture of the inheritance112

Liability for debts112

Disherison113

Querela Inoffciosi Testamenti114

Legacies116

Codicils and trusts118

Bonorum Possessio120

ⅩⅣ Intestate succession122

Its nature122

Under the ⅩⅡ Tables122

By Praetorian edict123

Under Justinian125

Other types of succession to an entire estate126

PART FIVE: THE LAW OF OBLIGATIONS131

ⅩⅤ The nature of obligations and contracts131

Obligations131

The nature of contract132

Classification of contracts133

The extinction of obligations134

The insolvent debtor136

ⅩⅥ Contracts—1. Real, Literal and Verbal Contracts139

Obligationes Re139

Mutuum139

Commodatum141

Depositum141

Pignus142

Obligationes Litteris143

Obligationes Verbis144

Stipulationes Conventionales144

Stipulationes Judiciales, Praetoriae, Communes145

Invalid stipulations146

Adstipulatio146

Stipulations of slaves146

Other verbal contracts147

ⅩⅦ Contracts—2. Consensual Contracts149

Obligationes Consensu149

Emptio Venditio149

Locatio Conductio152

Societas154

Mandatum156

ⅩⅧ Contracts—3. Innominate Contracts, Pacts and Quasi-contract160

Innominate contracts160

Pacts161

Obligationes quasi ex contractu162

ⅩⅨ Delicts165

The nature of delicts165

Injuria165

Damnum Injuria Datum166

Furtum169

Rapina171

Praetorian delicts172

ⅩⅩ Quasi-delicts and noxal surrender174

Quasi-delicts174

Noxal surrender175

PART SIX: THE LAW OF ACTIONS181

ⅩⅩⅠ The Legis Actiones Procedure181

The Law of actions181

Legis Actiones181

Events preceding the trial182

The trial182

Events following the trial184

ⅩⅩⅡ The Formulary system187

Nature of the system187

Types of action under the formulary system187

Events preceding the trial188

The trial189

The formula191

Events following the trial194

ⅩⅩⅢ Extraordinary procedure: Praetorian interdicts and other remedies: Appeals196

Cognitio Extraordinaria196

Events preceding the trial196

The trial197

Events following the trial198

Praetorian interdicts198

Uti Possidetis and Utrubi198

Unde Vi and Quorum Bonorum199

Other Praetorian remedies200

Appeals200

APPENDIXES202

Ⅰ Dates in the history of Roman Law202

Ⅱ Examination Technique204

Ⅲ Specimen Test Papers208

INDEX213