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Ⅰ Inorganic Chemistry1

Chapter 1　Introduction2

1.1　Observations and Conclusions3

1.2　The Scientific Method3

1.3 Units of Measurement5

1.4　Advice on Studying Chemistry8

Key Words8

Chapter 2　Structures of Atoms9

2.1　Particles in Atoms10

2.2　The Bohr Model12

2.3　The Wave Theory of Electrons13

2.4　Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle14

2.5　The Schr？dinger Equation14

2.6 Quantum Numbers15

2.7 Shapes of Atomic Orbitals17

2.8·Many-Electron Atoms19

2.9 Valence Electrons24

2.10 The Periodic Table and Electronic Configurations of Atoms24

2.11 The Periodicity of the Properties of Elements and Atomic Structure26

Key Words30

Exercises31

Chapter 3　Chemical bonds33

3.1　Ionic Bonds33

3.2 Covalent Bonds35

3.3　Lewis Dot Symbols and Lewis Structure37

3.4　Sigma and Pi Bonds43

3.5　Bond Polarity44

3.6　Bond Energy，Bond Length and Bond Angle45

3.7　Molecular Geometry47

3.8　The VSEPR Model47

3.9　Hybrid Orbitals51

3.10　Molecular Orbitals56

3.11 Intermolecular Force64

Key Words71

Exercises71

Chapter 4　Thermochemistry74

4.1　First Law of Thermodynamics74

4.2　Enthalpy and Enthalpy Change75

4.3　Hess's Law76

4.4 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics79

4.5 Spontaneous Processes and Gibbs Free Energy80

4.6 Temperature and Direction of Spontaneous Change81

4.7 Standard Free Energy of Formation and Standard Free Energy of Reaction82

Key Words83

Exercises83

Chapter 5　Chemical Kinetics85

5.1 Reaction Rates85

5.2　Theories of Reaction Rates87

5.3　Effect of Concentration on Rate of Reaction89

5.4　Rate and Temperature92

5.5　Catalysis94

Key Words95

Exercises96

Chapter 6　Chemical Equilibrium98

6.1 Concept of Equilibrium98

6.2　Equilibrium Constant98

6.3　Le Ch？telier's Principle103

Key Words106

Exercises106

Chapter 7　Solutions108

7.1　Ways of Expressing Concentration108

7.2　Colligative Properties113

Key Words124

Exercises125

Chapter 8　Solubility Equilibrium127

8.1　Saturated Solutions and Solubility127

8.2　Solubility Equilibria127

8.3 Factors Affecting Solubility130

8.4　Predicting Precipitation Reaction132

8.5 Selective Precipitation134

8.6　Application of Precipitate on Medicine137

Key Words138

Exercises139

Chapter 9　Acid-Base Equilibria141

9.1　Acids and Bases141

9.2　Ion Product of Water143

9.3 Strength of Weak Acids and Bases144

9.4　The pH of Weak Acids and Bases146

9.5　The Common-Ion Effect148

9.6　Buffer Solutions150

Key Words153

Exercises153

Chapter 10　An Introduction to Electrochemistry155

10.1 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions155

10.2　Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations158

10.3　Voltaic Cells161

10.4　Standard Cell Electromotive Force164

10.5 Electrochemistry and Thermodynamics171

10.6　Effect of Concentration on Cell EMF172

10.7 Reduction Potential Diagrams of Elements(Latimer Diagrams)174

Key Words177

Exercises177

Chapter 11　Chemistry of Coordination Compounds180

11.1　The History of Coordination Chemistry180

11.2 Formation of Coordination Compound182

11.3 Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds184

11.4 Structure and Isomerism185

11.5　Coordination Equilibrium in Solution187

11.6　Valence Bond Theory of Coordination Compounds191

11.7　The Crystal Field Theory194

11.8　The Biological Effects of Coordination Compounds199

Key Words200

Exercises201

Chapter 12 Nonmetals and Semimetals203

12.1　General Concepts203

12.2　Hydrogen203

12.3 Boron204

12.4　The Group Ⅳ A Elements,the Carbon Group Elements205

12.5　The Group Ⅴ A Elements,the Nitrogen Group Elements208

12.6 The Group Ⅵ A Elements,the Oxygen Group Elements211

12.7 The Group Ⅶ A Elements,the Halogens215

12.8 The Group Ⅷ A Elements,the Noble Gases218

Key Words218

Exercises219

Chapter 13 Metals220

13.1 The Group IA Elements220

13.2 The Group Ⅱ A Elements224

13.3 The Group Ⅲ A Elements229

13.4 A Survey of Transition Metals232

13.5 Chemistry of Some Transition Metals234

Key Words239

Exercises239

Ⅱ Inorganic Chemical Experiments241

Chapter 1 Basic Techniques of Experimental Chemistry242

1.1 Safety242

1.2 Recording Results243

1.3 Weighing243

1.4 Concerning Liquids244

Chapter 2 Typical Chemical Laboratory Apparatus252

Chapter 3 Experiments254

3.1 Some Elementary Operation254

3.2 Acid-Base Titration256

3.3 Electrolyte Solutions259

3.4 Preparation of Officinal Sodium Chloride and Its Purity Examination262

3.5 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions267

3.6 Coordination Compounds271

3.7 The Halogens275

3.8 Chromium,Manganese and Iron278

3.9 Copper,Silver,Zinc and Mercury283

3.10 Determination of the Ionization Constant of HAc by pH Meter287

3.11 Preparation of Ammonium Iron（Ⅱ）Sulfate291

3.12 Preparation and Content Determination of Zinc Gluconate294

Appendix296

Reference308