英语语言学2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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Chapter 1 Introduction1

1．What Is Linguistics？1

1.1 Definition of Linguistics1

1.2 Main Branches of Linguistics2

1.3 Why Study Language？5

2．What Is Language？6

2.1 Definition of Language6

2.2 Design Features of Language8

3．Important Distinctions in Linguistics11

3.1 Prescriptive Vs.Descriptive11

3.2 Synchronic Vs.Diachronic12

3.3 Speech Vs.Writing13

3.4 Langue Vs.Parole14

3.5 Competence Vs.Performance16

Exercises17

Further Readings18

Chapter 2 Phonetics19

1．The Phonic Medium of Language19

2．Phonetics20

2.1 What Is Phonetics？20

2.2 Organs of Speech22

2.3 Classification of English Speech Sounds25

2.4 Broad Transcription and Narrow Transcription31

Exercises33

Further Readings34

Chapter 3 Phonology35

1．General Introduction to Phonology35

2．Basic Concepts of Phonology39

2.1 Phone,Phoneme and Allophone39

2.2 Phonemic Contrast,Complementary Distribution and Minimal Pair42

3．Some Phonological Rules44

3.1 Sequential Rules44

3.2 Assimilation Rules45

4．Suprasegmental Features：Stress,Tone and Intonation47

4.1 Stress48

4.2 Tone49

4.3 Intonation49

Exercises50

Further Readings51

Chapter 4 Morphology52

1．Morphology52

2．Morphemes53

3．Types of Morphemes54

3.1 Free Morphemes54

3.2 Bound Morphemes55

4．Allomorph59

5．Word Formation Rules60

5.1 Compounding62

5.2 Derivation62

5.3 Conversion63

5.4 Clipping63

5.5 Initialism64

5.6 Acronym64

5.7 Blending64

5.8 Back-formation64

Exercises65

Further Reading66

Chapter 5 Syntax67

1．Syntactic Categories67

2．Combinational Rules68

3．Sentence Structure71

3.1 The Structural Approach and IC Analysis71

3.2 Advantages and Problems of IC Analysis72

3.3 Transformational-generative Grammar75

4．Universal Grammar84

4.1The Observational Basis of UG84

4.2 General Principles of UG85

4.3 General Parameters of UG89

Exercises93

Further Readings94

Chapter 6 Semantics95

1．General Introduction95

2．Approaches to Semantics97

2.1 The Naming Theory97

2.2 The Conceptualist Theory99

2.3 Contextualism101

2.4 Behaviorism103

3．Lexical Meaning105

3.1 Sense and Reference105

3.2 Major Semantic Relationships between Words107

4．Sentence Meaning117

5．Analysis of Meaning119

5.1 Componential Analysis—a Way to Analyze Lexical Meaning119

5.2 Predication Analysis—a Way to Analyze Sentence Meaning120

Exercises123

Further Readings123

Chapter 7 Pragmatics125

1．What Is Pragmatics？125

2．Context126

3．Presupposition128

4．Speech Acts131

5．Cooperative Principle and Conversational Implications136

6．Deixis141

7．Politeness Principle142

Exercises145

Further Readings146

Chapter 8 Language and Society147

1．Speech Community147

2．Relationships between Language and Society149

3．Language Varieties152

3.1 Dialects154

3.2 Register168

3.3 Mixture of Varieties169

Exercises174

Further Readings175

Chapter 9 Language and Culture176

1．General Introduction176

1.1 The Relationship between Language and Culture176

1.2 The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis178

2．Cross-cultural Communication180

2.1 Meaning as Sign180

2.2 Cultural Clash182

2.3 Stereotype185

Exercises187

Further Readings188

Chapter 10 Language and Acquisition189

1．First Language Aquisition189

1.1 The Behaviorist Perspective190

1.2 The Innatist Perspective192

1.3 A Social Interactionist Perspective195

2．Second Language Aquisition197

2.1 Connections between FIA and SLA197

2.2 Errors and Error Analysis199

2.3 Interlanguage201

2.4 Input Hypothesis203

2.5 Individual Differences205

2.6 Approaches and Methods to Second Language Teaching210

Exercises220

Further Readings221

Chapter 11 Cognitive Linguistics223

1．Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics223

2．Three Main Ways of Approaching Language in Cognitive Linguistics225

3．Categories and Categorization227

3.1 Classical Model of Categorization229

3.2 Prototype Theory of Categorization231

4．Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy233

4.1 Conceptual Metaphor233

4.2 Conceptual Metonymy236

5．Iconicity239

6．Grammaticalization242

Exercises244

Further Readings245

Chapter 12 Computer and Linguistics247

1．Rationalism and Empiricism in Linguistic Research247

2．Corpus Linguistics,Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing249

3．Types of Corpora251

4．Data Analysis in Corpus Linguistics254

5．Corpus-driven Approach Vs.Corpusbased Approach260

Exercises262

Further Readings263

References264