儿童语言发展引论2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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1 What do children bring to the languageacquisition task?1

Chapter summary1

Introduction1

Two different approaches4

Competence versus performance9

Some recurring questions10

Some premises11

Questions for discussion13

An activity13

Further reading14

2 How do children communicate beforethey can use language?16

Chapter summary16

Clues for understanding16

Facial expressions17

Cries, coos and grunts19

Infant speech perception20

Babbling22

The transition to language24

First words26

Gestures27

Language and gesture28

Discussion of in-text exercises30

Questions for discussion31

Some activities31

Solutions to and comments on discussion questions and activities32

Further reading34

3 When does language development start?35

Chapter summary35

What's in a word?35

Meaning through word and context39

Early vocabulary42

Semantic descriptions of early utterances44

Arguments for a richer account of early utterances46

To be or not to be a language52

Discussion of in-text exercises53

Questions for discussion57

Some activities57

Solution to and comments on discussion questions and activities60

Further reading61

4 How do young children think language works?62

Chapter summary62

Looking at children's language62

Analysing children's language67

Discussion of in-text exercises87

Questions for discussion89

Some activities89

Solutions to and comments on discussion questions and activities92

Further reading93

5 What influences language development?95

Chapter summary95

What is input and how much is enough?95

Input at the right time: the ‘critical period’96

Is active communication necessary?97

The nature of Baby Talk98

The value of Baby Talk100

Universal Grammar107

Words are more cunning than they let on110

Discussion of in-text exercises114

Questions for discussion114

An activity115

Solutions to and comments on discussion questions and activity116

Further reading117

6 Do all children learn language the same way?119

Chapter summary119

Types of variation119

Different endpoints120

Differences in path of development129

Differences in rate of development138

Discussion of in-text exercises140

Questions for discussion140

Some activities141

Solutions to and comments on discussion questions142

Further reading143

7 Does it matter which language(s) you learn?144

Chapter summary144

Introduction144

So what's so very different, anyway?145

A parameter theory of language acquisition148

How do children become bilingual?154

Discussion of in-text exercises164

Questions for discussion165

Some activities165

Solutions to and comments on discussion questions and activities167

Further reading169

8 When does language development stop?171

Chapter summary171

Later oral language development171

Pragmatic aspects of later language development176

Basic steps in learning to read179

Basic steps in learning to write181

Metalinguistic development183

Discussion of in-text exercises196

Questions for discussion198

Some activities199

Solutions to and comments on discussionquestions and activities201

Further reading202

Appendix 1 Tools for studying children'slanguage203

Transcription203

Mean Length of Utterance calculations205

T-unit calculations206

Some dos and don'ts of research design207

Finding data208

Bulletin boards209

Journals in child language209

Associations210

Conferences210

Further reading210

Appendix 2 Phonetic symbols211

Consonants212

Vowels213

Other symbols213

Bibliography214

Index229

文库索引233