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英语 意义和文化2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

英语 意义和文化
  • (澳)Anna Wierzbicka 著
  • 出版社: 北京:外语教学与研究出版社
  • ISBN:9787513501866
  • 出版时间:2010
  • 标注页数:352页
  • 文件大小:18MB
  • 文件页数:375页
  • 主题词:英语-研究-英文

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图书目录

Part Ⅰ.Meaning,History and Culture3

1.English as a Cultural Universe3

1.1.English—the most widely used language in the world3

1.2.English and Englishes5

1.3.An illustration:Words,scripts,and human lives7

1.4."Anglo English"as a historical formation9

1.5.The tendency to mistake"Anglo English"for the human norm11

1.6.The cultural underpinnings of(Anglo)English13

1.7.A framework for studying and describing meaning16

2.Anglo Cultural Scripts Seen through Middle Eastern Eyes20

2.1.Linguistics and intercultural communication20

2.2.The theory of cultural scripts22

2.3.The Anglo ideal of"accuracy"and the practice of"understatement"25

2.4."To the best of my knowledge..."35

2.5.Anglo respect for"facts"41

2.6."Cool reason":To think vs.to feel46

2.7.To compel or not to compel?The value of autonomy50

2.8.Conclusion56

Part Ⅱ.English Words:From Philosophy to Everyday Discourse61

3.The Story of RIGHT and WRONG and Its Cultural Implications61

3.1.Introduction61

3.2."Right"and"wrong":A basis for ethics?64

3.3.The link between"right"and"reason"70

3.4."That's right"74

3.5.An illustration:English vs.Italian76

3.6."Right"as a neutral ground between"good"and"true"78

3.7.Procedural morality80

3.8."Right"and"wrong":Increasingly asymmetrical82

3.9.The changing frequencies of true,truth,right,and wrong85

3.10."Right"as a response in dialogue87

3.11."Right"and cultural scripts92

3.12.Retrospect and conclusion:The Puritans,the Enlightenment,the growth of democracy95

4.Being REASONABLE:A Key Anglo Value and Its Cultural Roots103

4.1.Introduction103

4.2.The pre-Enlightenment uses of"reasonable"104

4.3.The main themes in the modern meanings of the word reasonable105

4.4."A reasonable man"107

4.5."It is reasonable to"think(say,do)112

4.6."Reasonable doubt"117

4.7."Reasonable force"and"reasonable care"123

4.8."A reasonable time,""A reasonable amount"125

4.9."Reasonable"as"reasonably good"127

4.10."Reasonable"and"unreasonable"128

4.11.An internal reconstruction of the semantic history of"reasonable"133

4.12."Reasonable"and Anglo cultural scripts135

4.13.Is the Anglo value of"reasonable"unique?English vs.French138

5.Being FAIR:Another Key Anglo Value and Its Cultural Underpinnings141

5.1.The importance of"fairness"in modern Anglo culture141

5.2.The meaning of fair and not fair144

5.3."Fairness"and Anglo political philosophy152

5.4."Fairness"vs."justice"155

5.5 The illusion of universality160

5.6."Fairness"and"fair play":A historical perspective163

5.7."Fairness"and"procedural morality"165

Part Ⅲ.Anglo Culture Reflected in English Grammar171

6.The English Causatives:Causation and Interpersonal Relations171

6.1.The cultural elaboration of causation171

6.2.The English"let"-constructions and the cultural ideal of"noninterference"183

7.I THINK:The Rise of Epistemic Phrases in Modern English204

7.1.Introduction204

7.2.I think208

7.3.I suppose208

7.4.I guess209

7.5.I gather210

7.6.I presume212

7.7.I believe213

7.8.I find220

7.9.I expect226

7.10.I take It230

7.11.I understand233

7.12.I imagine235

7.13.I bet236

7.14.I suspect237

7.15.I assume239

7.16.Conclusion241

8.PROBABLY:English Epistemic Adverbs and Their Cultural Significance247

8.1.Introduction247

8.2.Developing a format for the semantic analysis of epistemic adverbs257

8.3."Probably"and"likely":The heart of the category of epistemic adverbs261

8.4."Confident"adverbs:Evidently,clearly,obviously270

8.5."Nonconfident"adverbs:Possibly and conceivably276

8.6.Hearsay adverbs:Apparently,supposedly,allegedly,and reportedly278

8.7.The"uncertain"status of certainly284

8.8.Epistemic adverbs vs.discourse particles287

8.9.The history of epistemic adverbs in modern english291

Part Ⅳ.Conclusion299

9.The"Cultural Baggage"of English and Its Significance in the World at Large299

9.1.The legacy of history299

9.2.Living with concepts300

9.3.Two illustrations:International law and international aviation301

9.4.Communication and"vibes"305

9.5.Intercultural communication and cross-cultural education308

9.6.English in the world today310

Notes315

References325

Index341

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