应用光学 英语版 第2版2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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Chapter 1 Basic Principles of Geometrical Optics1

1.1 Waves and Rays1

1.2 Basic Laws of Geometrical Optics4

1.3 Refractive Index and Speed of Light6

1.4 Reversibility of Ray Paths and Total Internal Reflection7

1.5 Vector Form of Basic Laws11

1.6 Classification of Optical Systems and Concept of Imaging12

1.7 Ideal Images and Ideal Optical Systems16

Chapter 2 Image Formation of Symmetrical Systems Made from Spherical Surfaces20

2.1 Ray Tracing Formulae for Symmetrical Systems Made from Spherical Surfaces20

2.2 Sign Conventions22

2.3 Imaging Characters and Ray Tracing in the Paraxial Region25

2.4 Basic Formulae of the Paraxial Region27

2.5 Cardinal Points of an Optical System31

2.6 Principal Planes and Focal Points of a Single Refracting Surface34

2.7 Principal Planes and Focal Points of a Coaxial Spheric System36

2.8 Chart Illustration for Image Formation38

2.9 Image Positions and Sizes40

2.10 Magnifications of Optical Systems44

2.11 The Optical Invariant47

2.12 Relationship Between the Front and Back Effective Focal Lengths49

2.13 Nodal Planes and Nodal Points51

2.14 Image Height of the Object at Infinity53

2.15 Combination of Ideal Optical Systems54

2.16 Ray Tracing for Ideal Optical Systems58

2.17 Equations for Calculating the Positions of the Principal Planes and Focal Points of a Single Lens61

Chapter 3 Instruments for Human Eyes68

3.1 Characteristics of the Eye68

3.2 Principles of the Magnifier and the Microscope73

3.3 Principle of the Telescope77

3.4 Defects of Eyes and Diopter Accommodation of Optical Instruments81

3.5 Spatial Depth of Focus and Stereoscopic Effect84

3.6 Binocular Instruments86

Chapter 4 Mirror and Prism Systems90

4.1 Applications of Mirror and Prism Systems in Optical Instruments90

4.2 Imaging Properties of Mirrors92

4.3 Rotation of Mirrors94

4.4 Prism and Its Unfolding95

4.5 Roof Surfaces and Roof Prisms101

4.6 Imaging Properties of the Parallel Glass Block and Prism Size Calculation103

4.7 Determination of Image Orientations for Mirrors and Prisms107

4.8 Combination of the Coaxial System and the Mirror and Prism System112

4.9 Prism Rotation Law114

Chapter 5 Selection of Image Rays in Optical Systems121

5.1 Stop and Its Application121

5.2 Selection of Imaging Rays in Telescope Systems123

5.3 Selection of Imaging Rays in the Microscope and Telecentric System131

5.4 Field Lenses135

5.5 Depth of Field137

Chapter 6 Basics of Radiometry and Photometry140

6.1 Solid Angle and Its Applications in Photometry140

6.2 Basic Ideas in Radiometry141

6.3 Relative Sensitivity of the Eye to Different Wavelengths144

6.4 Basic Ideas in Photometry146

6.5 Illuminance Formula and the Cosine Law of Luminous Intensity152

6.6 Luminance of the Perfect Diffusive Surface155

6.7 Luminance of the Light Beam in Optical Systems156

6.8 Illuminance of the Image Plane159

6.9 Illuminance and F Number of the Image Plane of the Camera Lens162

6.10 Subjective Brightness of Human Eyes164

6.11 Subjective Brightness when We Observe Through a Telescope166

6.12 Calculation of Light Energy Loss in Optical Systems169

Chapter 7 Image Quality of Optical Systems176

7.1 Introduction176

7.2 Color Dispersion and Chromatic Aberrations178

7.3 The Axial Monochromatic Aberration—Spherical Aberration180

7.4 Off-axial Monochromatic Aberrations183

7.5 Aberration Curves190

7.6 Wavefront Aberrations194

7.7 Resolutions of Ideal Systems196

7.8 Resolutions of Typical Systems198

7.9 Optical Transfer Function201

7.10 Application of Optical Transfer Function206

7.11 Spot Diagrams210

7.12 Encircled Energy212

Chapter 8 Telescopes and Microscopes214

8.1 Optical Performances of Telescopes214

8.2 Objectives of Telescopes220

8.3 Eyepieces of Telescopes227

8.4 Introduction of Microscopes and Their Properties233

8.5 Objectives and Eyepieces of Microscopes236

Chapter 9 Cameras and Projectors240

9.1 Characteristics of the Camera Lens240

9.2 Typical Camera Lenses242

9.3 Typical Projectors245

9.4 Illumination Systems in Projectors247

9.5 Projector Lenses250

9.6 Energy Calculation of Projectors253

Chapter 10 Other Optical Systems258

10.1 Laser Optical Systems258

10.2 Optical Information Processing Systems and Fourier-transform Lenses268

10.3 Infrared Optical Systems272

Vocabulary284

Bibliography293