天体光谱学：天体光谱学的原子分子物理学导论2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

天体光谱学：天体光谱学的原子分子物理学导论PDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

1．Why Record Spectra of Astronomical Objects?1

1.1 A Historical Introduction1

1.2 What One Can Learn from Studying Spectra3

2．The Nature of Spectra7

2.1 Transitions7

2.2 Absorption and Emission8

2.3 Other Measures of Transition Probabilities10

2.4 Stimulated Emission10

2.5 Optical Depth11

2.6 Critical Density12

2.7 Wavelength or Frequency?13

2.8 The Electromagnetic Spectrum14

3．Atomic Hydrogen17

3.1 Overview17

3.2 The Schr？dinger Equation of Hydrogen-Like Atoms17

3.3 Reduced Mass18

3.4 Atomic Units19

3.5 Wavefunctions for Hydrogen20

3.6 Energy Levels and Quantum Numbers21

3.7 H-Atom Discrete Spectra23

3.8 H-Atom Spectra in Different Locations30

3.8.1 Balmer series30

3.8.2 Lyman series33

3.8.3 Infrared lines34

3.9 H-Atom Continuum Spectra35

3.9.1 Processes35

3.9.2 H-atom emission in H Ⅱ regions36

3.10 Radio Recombination Lines38

3.11 Radio Recombination Lines for Other Atoms40

3.12 Angular Momentum Coupling in the Hydrogen Atom43

3.13 The Fine Structure of Hydrogen44

3.14 Hyperfine Structure in the H Atom46

3.15 Allowed Transitions47

3.16 Hydrogen in Nebulae48

4．Complex Atoms51

4.1 General Considerations51

4.2 Central Field Model52

4.3 Indistinguishable Particles54

4.4 Electron Configurations55

4.5 The Periodic Table57

4.6 Ions58

4.7 Angular Momentum in Complex Atoms59

4.7.1 L-S or Russell-Saunders coupling60

4.7.2 j-j coupling61

4.7.3 Why two coupling schemes?62

4.8 Spectroscopic Notation62

4.9 Parity of the Wavefunction64

4.10 Terms and Levels in Complex Atoms64

5．Helium Spectra69

5.1 He Ⅰand He Ⅱ Spectra69

5.2 Selection Rules for Complex Atoms71

5.3 Observing Forbidden Lines74

5.4 Grotrian Diagrams75

5.5 Potential Felt by Electrons in Complex Atoms77

5.6 Emissions of Helium-Like Ions78

6．Alkali Atoms81

6.1 Sodium81

6.2 Spin-Orbit Interactions84

6.3 Fine Structure Transitions88

6.4 Astronomical Sodium Spectra89

6.5 Other Alkali Metal-Like Spectra93

7．Spectra of Nebulae99

7.1 Nebulium99

7.2 The Bowen Mechanism104

7.3 Two Valence Electrons108

7.4 Autoionisation and Recombination110

8．X-Ray Spectra116

8.1 The Solar Corona…………？120

8.2 Isotope Effects120

9．Molecular Structure124

9.1 The Born-Oppenheimer Approximation125

9.2 Electronic Structure of Diatomics126

9.2.1 Labelling of electronic states128

9.2.2 Symmetry130

9.2.3 State labels132

9.3 Schr？dinger Equation132

9.4 Fractionation137

9.5 Vibration-Rotation Energy Levels138

9.6 Temperature Effects141

9.6.1 Rotational state populations141

9.6.2 Vibrational state populations143

9.6.3 Electronic state populations144

10．Molecular Spectra146

10.1 Selection Rules:Pure Rotational Transitions146

10.1.1 Isotope effects151

10.1.2 Rotational spectra of other molecules151

10.1.3 Rotational spectra of molecular hydrogen154

10.2 Vibrational Transitions155

10.2.1 Structure of the spectrum156

10.2.2 Isotope effects159

10.2.3 Hydrogen molecule vibrational spectra159

10.3 Electronic Transitions161

10.3.1 Selection rules161

10.3.2 Vibrational selection rules163

10.3.3 Rotational selection rules164

10.3.4 Transition frequencies165

10.3.5 Astronomical spectra166

10.4 Non-1Σ Electronic States169

10.5 Maser Emissions171

Solutions to Model Problems174

Further Reading and Bibliography186

Index187