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Contents1

Introduction1

PART ONE BRITAIN1

Chater Ⅰ Geography1

Section One Geographical Position and Boarders1

Section Two Aea and Five Admnisstative Divisions7

Section Three Nationaity，Popuation，and Lanquage9

Section Four London，the Caital，and Other Major Cities16

Section Five Mountains，Lakes，and Rivers21

Section Six National Resourses25

Section Seven Climate and Weather28

Section Eight Transportation32

Section One From the Primitive to Slavery36

Chater Ⅱ History36

Section Two The Formation and Development of Fedal—ism41

Section Three The Decline of Feudalism and the Beginning47

of Capitalism47

Section Four Capitalist G rowing in the 18th Century55

Section Five Bourgeois Revolution in the 17th Century56

Section Six Industrial Revolution in the 18th Century61

Section Seven British Imperialism in the 19th Century，the Vicorian Age（1837——1901）64

Section Eight The Decline of the British Empire71

ChapterⅢ　Political System81

Section One Monarchy81

Section Two Constitution82

Section Three Parliament84

Section Four Government——Prime Minister，Cabbinet，and Administration89

Section Five Political Parites and E1ections92

Section Six The Legal System：Law，the Court，and the Police96

Section Seven Local Government99

Chapter Ⅳ National Economy102

Section One General Survey102

Section Two Industry104

Section Three Agriculture107

Section Four Foreign Trade109

Section Five Government Expenditure110

Section Six Work，Money，and Tax111

Section Seven Commercialization of Gambling113

Chapter Ⅴ Science and Culture114

Section One Developing Science114

Section Two Outstanding Culture119

SectionOne General Survey136

Chapter Ⅵ Education，Medicine，and Health136

Section Two Government Educational Agencies137

Section Three Primary，Secondary，and Higher Education137

Section Four Educational Problems151

Section Five Health Education and Research152

Section Six Medical Expenditure158

Chapter Ⅶ Mass Communications159

Section One Newspapers and Magazines159

Section Two Radios and Televisions177

Chapter Ⅷ Miscellaneous199

Sedtion One Welfare and Housing199

Section Two Family and Life206

Section Three Sports and Leisure208

Section Four Holidays and Festivals213

PART TWO AM ERICA217

Chapter Ⅰ Geography217

Section One Geographical Position，Boarders and Areas217

Section Two Rivers，Lakes，and Coastlands221

Section Three Population and Nationalities225

Section Four Washington D·C·and Washington State227

Section Five Administrative Areas：50 States and Their，Capitals231

Section Six Climate and Weather233

Section Seven Natural Resourses236

Section Eight Indrustrial Distriution240

Section Nine Agricutural Distriution242

Section Ten Transportation243

Section One The Colonial Perod（1492——1775）246

Chapter Ⅱ American History246

Section Two The Independant War（1775——1783）253

Section Three The Civil War（1881——1885）258

Section Four The Imperialism Perod264

Section Five The Civil Rights Movement（1950——1968）278

Section Six America During and Aound the Cold War279

Section Seven US and the Gulf War280

Chapter Ⅲ PoliticalSystem282

Section One Constitution282

Section Two President and the Congress284

Section Three Government and Politics287

Section Four The Senate and the House of Representatives289

Section Five Two—Party System and Elections292

Section Six Judicial System295

Section Seven Racial Problems298

Section Eight Imigration Problems299

Section Nine Feminist Rights Campaign301

Chapter Ⅳ American Economy304

Section One General Survey304

Section Two Agriculture305

Section Three Industry and its Distribution308

Section Four Services311

Section Five Banking and Finance313

Section Six Fiscal System315

Section Seven The Structure of the Economy320

Section Eight Foreign Trade323

Section Nine Economic Crisis326

Chapter Ⅴ Science and Arts328

Section One General Survey329

Section Two Science and National Economy332

Section Three Science and Military Affairs336

Section Four American Literature337

Section Five American Arts341

Chapter Ⅵ Education345

Section One General Survey345

Section Two Primary Education349

Section Three Seconday Education351

Section Four Higher Education354

Chapter Ⅶ Miscellaneous360

Section One Sports and Leisure360

Section Two The American Way of Life373

Section Three Basic American Values and Belief383

Section Four Holidcays and Festivals391