中国高等教育 英文版2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

中国高等教育 英文版PDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

1　History of Higher Education1

1.1　Higher Learning in Ancient Times1

1.1.1　Confucius and his private academe1

1.1.2　The taixue(institution of supreme learning)and shuyuan(academy or scholarly society)2

1.2 Modern Higher Education4

1.2.1 The modern college in China4

1.2.2 The modern university in China7

1.2.3 Modern higher education in the Republic of China(1911-1949)9

1.3 Contemporary Higher Education in China12

1.3.1 Higher education in the early years of the PRC(1949-1966)12

1.3.2 Higher education during the"Cultural Revolution"(1966-1976)12

1.3.3 Higher education in the new era(since 1978)13

2 Structure of Higher Education17

2.1 Forms17

2.1.1 Form of higher education17

2.1.2 Form of ownership18

2.2 Levels20

2.3 Disciplines23

2.4 Categories of Institutions27

2.4.1 Discipline-based categories:single-discipline institutions,multidisciplinary institutions,and comprehensive universities28

2.4.2 Function-based categories:teaching institutions,teaching-research institutions,and research universities30

3 Higher Education Management35

3.1 The Ownership System35

3.2 The Administrative System35

3.2.1 Administration of higher education36

3.2.2 Decentralization of higher education administration after 198539

3.2.3 Higher education coordination45

3.3 The Funding System52

3.3.1 Diversification of higher education funding52

3.3.2 Growth of private higher education54

3.3.3 Government expenditures on education56

3.4 Planning and Evaluation57

3.4.1 State education plans57

3.4.2 Evaluation of higher education58

3.5 The Organizational Management of HEIs64

3.5.1 Organization and structure of HEIs64

3.5.2 Leadership system of HEIs66

3.5.3 Rules and regulations of HEIs68

4 Admission and Graduate Employment71

4.1 College Admission71

4.1.1 Reforms of admission73

4.1.2 Forms of admission74

4.2 Postgraduate Admission81

4.2.1 Master's admission81

4.2.2 Doctoral admission88

4.3 Graduate Employment:Policy Changes and Current Situation90

4.3.1 Policy changes90

4.3.2 Current situation92

5 Specialized Higher Education95

5.1 Overview95

5.1.1 Levels of tertiary education95

5.1.2 Programs of tertiary education98

5.2 Missions and Programs98

5.3 Currieulum104

5.3.1 Structure of the curriculum104

5.3.2 Sequence of courses in the curriculum110

5.3.3 Degree of control over curricular content110

5.4 Establishment and Adjustment of Specialties110

5.5 Modes of Education113

5.5.1 Alternative Work and Study Mode114

5.5.2 College-industry Collaborative Mode115

5.5.3 Employment/Position-oriented or Made-to-order Mode115

5.5.4 Platform plus Module Mode116

5.5.5　Learning by Doing Mode116

5.6　The Management System of Teaching117

6 Undergraduate Education121

6.1　Overview121

6.2　Missions and Programs121

6.3　Curriculum124

6.3.1 Curriculum for undergraduate education before 1985124

6.3.2　Curriculum of undergraduate education after 1985129

6.4　Establishment and Adjustment of Undergraduate Specialties137

6.5　Modes of Education143

6.6　The Management System of Teaching146

7　Postgraduate Education151

7.1　Overview151

7.2　Academic Degrees System153

7.2.1 Establishment of Academic Degrees Ordinance of the PRC153

7.2.2 Basic characteristics of the academic degrees system155

7.3　Master's Degree Education157

7.3.1 Recent developments157

7.3.2　New directions160

7.4　Doctoral Education163

7.4.1 Recent developments163

7.4.2　New directions166

8　Research in HEIs171

8.1　Present State of Research in HEIs171

8.1.1 The research system of HEIs172

8.1.2　Personnel engaging in research at HEIs172

8.1.3 Research capacities of HEIs173

8.1.4 Social contribution of researches conducted by HEIs174

8.2　Features of Research in HEIs175

8.3 Organizational Structure of Research in HEIs176

8.4 Operation Mechanism of Research in HEIs178

9　Teaching Staff in HEIs181

9 1　Composition of Teaching Staff in HEIs181

9.2　Recruitment of Teaching Staff in HEIs185

9.3 Assessment of Teaching Staff in HEIs188

9.4 Compensation of Teaching Staff in HEIs190

References193

Appendices205

Appendix 1 Higher Education Law of the People's Republic of China205

Appendix 2 Regulations on Academic Degrees of the People's Republic of China219

Appendix 3 “211 Project"and"985 Project"223

Appendix 4 National Model Tertiary Vocational and Technical Colleges227

Appendix 5 Websites for the Related Data on Chinese Higher Education231

Index233