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CHAPTER 1 PHILOSOPHY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION1

Ⅰ.Introduction1

Ⅱ.Greek Rationalism1

Ⅲ.The Middle Ages6

Ⅳ.The Renaissance7

Ⅴ.Modern Philosophy11

Ⅵ.Modern Philosophical Trends13

Ⅶ.Summary17

CHAPTER 2 GEOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM21

Ⅰ.Introduction21

Ⅱ.General Characteristics of the United Kingdom22

Ⅲ.Water：The Key Geographical Feature26

Ⅳ.Geographical History26

Ⅴ.Surface Features and Geography——by Political Region27

Ⅵ.Current Situation38

Ⅶ.Commonwealth39

CHAPTER 3 HISTORY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM43

Ⅰ.Prehistory to the Norman Conquest43

Ⅱ.The Making of a Nation：From the Norman Conquest to the Renaissance48

Ⅲ.The Tudors：Sea Power and Protestantism54

Ⅳ.Founding of the British Empire63

Ⅴ.England in Revolution：Representative and Constitutional Government67

Ⅵ.England in the Eighteenth Century：The Age of Reason76

Ⅶ.Napoleonic Wars and a Century of Slow Reforms84

Ⅷ.Nineteenth Century Imperialism89

Ⅸ.Twentieth-Century England：Crisis of Identity92

Appendixes102

CHAPTER 4 BRITISH ECONOMY112

Ⅰ.Introduction112

Ⅱ.Highlights of Britain’s Economic Development112

Ⅲ.Britain’s Prosperity Today115

Ⅳ.Britain’s Economic System：A Unique Mix118

Ⅴ.Consumer Expenditure123

Ⅵ.Industrial Structure and Output124

Ⅶ.International Trade125

Ⅷ.Taxation and Public Spending126

Ⅸ.Economic Policy128

CHAPTER 5 BRITISH CULTURE132

Ⅰ.Introduction132

Ⅱ.The British People——General Traits132

Ⅲ.Entertainment139

Ⅳ.Conclusion144

CHAPTER 6 BRITISH EDUCATION146

Ⅰ.Introduction146

Ⅱ.Medieval England——Church and Class146

Ⅲ.Renaissance Education150

Ⅳ.Eighteenth Century——What Is Correct English153

Ⅴ.Nineteenth Century——Class Struggle and Change154

Ⅵ.Twentieth Century——Reform，Socialism and Conservatism157

Ⅶ.Conclusion162

CHAPTER 7 GEOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES164

Ⅰ.Introduction164

Ⅱ.Economic Activities164

Ⅲ.Rural，Suburban，and Urban Living Patterns168

Ⅳ.Physiographic Subdivisions of the United States172

Ⅴ.Geologic Processes Shape the Nation’s Physical and Human Geography197

Ⅵ.Energy and Mineral Resources Required for a Modern Society198

Ⅶ.Summary：The United States——“A Land of Contrasts”198

CHAPTER 8 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES204

Ⅰ.Introduction204

Ⅱ.Native Americans204

Ⅲ.Colonial North America205

Ⅳ.The Founding of the United States208

Ⅴ.Forming A New Nation210

Ⅵ.Nationalism and the Economy215

Ⅶ.Westward Expansion216

Ⅷ.The Industrial Revolution and Social Reforms219

Ⅸ.The American Civil War and Reconstruction221

Ⅹ.Industrialization，Capitalism，and Monopolies226

Ⅺ.The United States Becomes a World Power231

Ⅻ.The Post World War Ⅰ Period233

ⅩⅢ.World War Ⅱ237

ⅩⅣ.The Post World War Ⅱ Period （1945-1989）239

ⅩⅤ.Modern Times248

ⅩⅥ.Conclusion252

Appendixes252

CHAPTER 9 BRITISH AND AMERICAN GOVERNMENT259

Ⅰ.Introduction259

Ⅱ.Politics260

Ⅲ.Political Legitimacy262

Ⅳ.Absolutism and Constitutionalism265

Ⅴ.Democracy268

Ⅵ.Indirect or Representative Democracy271

Ⅶ.Elections273

Ⅷ.The Assembly Model275

Ⅸ.Conclusion276

Appendixes276

CHAPTER 10 THE ECONOMY OF THE UNITED STATES286

Ⅰ.Introduction and Overview286

Ⅱ.History and Growth286

Ⅲ.Commercial and Nonprofit Firms287

Ⅳ.Households291

Ⅴ.Government and the Economy293

Ⅵ.International Trade299

Ⅶ.Problems and Challenges for the U.S.Economy301

CHAPTER 11 AMERICAN SOCIETY305

Ⅰ.Introduction305

Ⅱ.Individuals305

Ⅲ.Families310

Ⅳ.Groups310

Ⅴ.Organizations311

Ⅵ.Socioeconomic Classes，Status and Roles313

Ⅶ.Race and Ethnicity315

Ⅷ.Other Social Issues319

Ⅸ.Social Changes and Global Connections322

CHAPTER 12 AMERICAN CULTURE326

Ⅰ.Introduction326

Ⅱ.Materialism and the Mass Media326

Ⅲ.Individual Style and Personal Rites of Passage327

Ⅳ.Manners330

Ⅴ.Food and Meals331

Ⅵ.Housing333

Ⅶ.Pets334

Ⅷ.Leisure Activities335

Ⅸ.Holidays337

Ⅹ.American Values342

CHAPTER 13 EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES344

Ⅰ.Introduction344

Ⅱ.Issues in American Basic Education348

Ⅲ.Higher Education352

Ⅳ.Conclusion357

后记359