INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN COIMINAL LAW2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN COIMINAL LAWPDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

A.Introduction1

1.Criminal Law in an International Context1

2.Terminology of "International Criminal Law"2

Ⅰ.Overview2

Ⅱ.International Criminal Law(stricto sensu):Criminal Law under Public International Law2

Ⅲ.Supranational(Especially European)Criminal Law3

Ⅳ.Criminal Jurisdiction and Rules Determining the Exercise of Jurisdiction3

Ⅴ.Mutual Legal Assistance4

B.Jurisdiction and the territorial scope of Criminal Law7

3.The Application of National Criminal Law to Cases with International Elements7

Ⅰ.Criminal Jurisdiction7

Ⅱ.Applicable(Substantive)Criminal Law8

Ⅲ.Danger of Double Jeopardy9

Ⅴ.Relation between the Rules Determining the Scope of Application of Criminal Law and the Material Scope of Protection of Criminal Offences10

4.The Principles of Criminal Jurisdiction and their Implementation in National Legal Orders12

Ⅰ.Competence to Determine the Territorial Scope of Application of Criminal Law12

Ⅱ.The Principles of Criminal Jurisdiction13

1.Overview of the Principles Recognised by International Law13

2.Territorial Principle14

a)General considerations14

b)In particular:internet criminality16

c)Flag principle17

d)Implementation of the territorial principle in various national legal systems17

3.Nationality Principle20

a)General considerations20

b)Implementation of the nationality principle in various national legal orders21

4.The Protective Principles25

a)Protective principle(stricto sensu)25

b)Passive personality principle/individual protective principle28

5.The Universality Principle32

a)General considerations32

b)Implementation of the universality principle in various national legal orders32

6.Representation Principle38

a)General considerations38

b)Application in various national legal orders39

7.Principle of Distribution of Competences40

8.Principle of Protection of European Union Interests41

C.European Criminal Law43

5.Basic Principles and Issues of European Criminal Law43

Ⅰ.Meaning of the Term "European Criminal Law"43

Ⅱ.The Influence of European Law on Criminal Law44

1.History of Primary Law Influence on Criminal Law44

2.European Law-Making versus Harmonisation of Laws46

6.Supranational Criminal Law48

Ⅰ.Existing Sanctions at Union Level48

1.The Different Types of European Sanctions48

a)Fines48

b)Other financial sanctions49

c)Other detriments49

2.Classification as Criminal Law in a Broader Sense49

Ⅱ.European Criminal Law51

1.Terminology51

2.First Instances of a European Criminal Law de lege lata?51

3.European Competence Provisions for Adopting Criminal Law53

Ⅲ.Future Projects concerning "European Criminal Law"57

1.Corpus Juris of criminal provisions for the protection of the financial interests of the European Communities(Corpus Juris 2000)58

2.Commission Green Paper on criminal-law protection of the financial interests of the Community and the establishment of a European Prosecutor59

7.The Influence of European Law on Domestic Substantive Criminal Law60

Ⅰ.General Issues61

1.Criminal Law under the Influence of European Union Law61

2.Particularities of Criminal Law63

Ⅱ.Primary Law as a Restriction on National Criminal Law65

1.European Law Serving as Upper Limit for National Criminal Law65

a)Elements of a criminal offence conflicting with European law66

b)Legal consequences conflicting with European law67

aa)Severity of penalty67

bb)Type of sanction69

2.Minimum Requirements for Criminal Law set by European Law70

Ⅲ.Restrictions on National Criminal Law Resulting from Secondary Law-in Particular Directives(art.83 TFEU)72

1.Overview72

2.Combating Crime with a Cross-Border Dimension(art.83(1)TFEU)72

a)Amendments in primary law concerning the former third pillar72

b)Legal acts adopted prior to the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon73

c)Prerequisites of art.83(1)TFEU74

3.Annex Competence(Art.83(2)TFEU)76

a)"Annex character" of the competence provision76

b)Legal situation prior to the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon77

c)The prerequisites of art.83(2)TFEU78

4.Competence for Minimum Harmonisation78

5.The "Emergency Brake"(Art.83(3)TFEU)80

a)General idea and procedure80

b)Fundamental aspects of the criminal justice system80

6.Other Approximation Competences81

a)Competence provisions81

b)Does the "emergency brake" apply?81

7.Excursus:A Concept for a European Criminal Policy82

a)Background82

b)The specific principles for a European criminal policy83

Ⅳ.References to European Law in Domestic Criminal Law Provisions84

1.Introduction85

a)Rules in directives85

b)Rules in regulations85

2.Problems Arising from the Use of Blanket Criminal Laws Referring to EU Regulations86

a)Effect of blanket references and issues concerning their interpretation86

b)Blanket laws and the lex certa requirement87

aa)General requirements88

bb)References to European law89

cc)Cross-references in national statutory instruments90

dd)The principle of lex mitior91

Ⅴ.The Influence of European Law on the Interpretation and Application of Domestic Substantive Criminal Law93

1.Introduction93

2.Neutralising Effect on Domestic Law94

a)Actual conflicts with regard to the elements of a criminal offence95

b)Actual conflicts with regards to legal consequences97

c)Ostensible conflicts98

3.Interpretation in the Light of European Law99

a)Introduction99

b)Interpreting criminal law in the light of European law100

c)Examples102

aa)Protection of EU legal interests102

bb)Defming legal terms in criminal law provisions pursuant to European laws104

cc)Crimes of negligence106

dd)Sentencing107

4.Relevance of Framework Decisions108

8.Criminal Law Enforcement in Europe109

Ⅰ.Institutions of Law Enforcement Within the EU110

1.Europol110

2.Eurojust112

3.The European Anti-Fraud Office(OLAF)114

4.The Project of a European Public Prosecutor's Office115

Ⅱ.The Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters on the Basis of the Principle of Mutual Recognition117

1.The Principle117

2.Legislative Acts on the Basis of the Principle of Mutual Recognition118

a)The European arrest warrant118

aa)The Framework Decision118

bb)The implementation of the Framework Decision within the Member States120

b)European supervision order123

c)Mutual iudicial assistance concerning evidence;the European evidence warrant in particular123

d)Enforcement of penalties125

3.The Codification of the Principle of Mutual Recognition in Art.82 TFEU125

a)Scope of application126

b)Distinction from approximation measures pursuant to art.82(2)TFEU126

4.The Exchange of Information and the "Principle of Availability" in Particular126

Ⅲ.Approximation of Criminal Procedural Law128

1.Fields of Application128

a)Mutual admissibility of evidence between Member States(lit.a)128

b)The rights of individuals in criminal procedure(lit.b)129

c)The rights of victims of a crime(lit.c)130

d)Other specific aspects of criminal procedure(lit.d)131

2."Emergency Brake"(Art.82(3)TFEU)131

Ⅳ.Ne bis in idem132

1.Merely Internal Effect of "ne bis in idem" as the General Rule132

2.Sanctions in Multiple Member States Based on the Same Facts133

a)Necessity for and concept of a European "ne bis in idem" principle133

b)The relationship between art.54 CISA and art.50 CFR135

c)Elements and uniform application of art.54 CISA137

aa)"Decision finally disposing of the trial"137

bb)"the same acts"139

cc)Enforcement element140

9.The European Convention on Human Rights143

Ⅰ.Council of Europe144

1.The International Organisation144

2.The Council of Europe's Role in Criminal Law145

Ⅱ.European Convention on Human Rights145

1.The ECHR in Different Legal Systems146

a)The principle of "minimum standard"146

b)Significance for domestic law146

c)Significance of the Convention for EU Law147

aa)The EU's accession to the ECHR147

bb)The Charter of Fundamental Rights148

cc)The relationship between ECtHR and ECJ148

2.The Interpretation of the ECHR149

3.Guarantees Relating to Criminal Law150

a)Overview150

aa)Subsidiary protection through the ECtHR150

bb)Scope of application151

b)Testing ECHR rights related to criminal law151

c)Right to life-art.2 ECHR152

d)Prohibition of torture(and degrading punishment)-art.3 ECHR154

aa)Scope of protection and unexceptional prohibition of torture154

bb)Threat of torture156

cc)Medical interventions158

dd)Deportation and extradition158

e)Right to liberty-art.5 ECHR159

f)Right to a fair trial-arts 6(1)and(5)ECHR161

aa)Scope of protection162

bb)The court and the court proceeding163

cc)Fair trial165

g)Presumption of innocence-art.6(2)ECHR168

h)No punishment without law-art.7 ECHR169

aa)Scope of protection169

bb)The necessity for clarity and definiteness170

cc)Prohibition of analogies170

dd)Prohibition of ex post facto laws171

i)Right to respect for private and family life-art.8 ECHR172

j)Right to appeal in criminal matters-art.2(1)Additional Protocol No.7173

k)Ne bis in idem173

4.Procedural Law and Organs of the ECHR174

a)The ECtHR and its role as an organ174

b)Individual applications and inter-state cases175

c)Judgment176

d)Effect176

D.International Criminal Law179

10.General Introduction to International Criminal Law179

Ⅰ.Definition of International Criminal Law179

Ⅱ.The Enforcement of International Criminal Law181

Ⅲ.International Criminal Law and the Law of State Responsibility183

Ⅳ."Treaty Crimes"184

11.History of International Criminal Law185

Ⅰ.Development until 1919185

Ⅱ.Versailles and the Leipzig War Crime Trials186

1.The Versailles Treaty186

2.The Leipzig War Crime Trials187

Ⅲ.The Military Tribunal in Nuremberg187

1.Structure of the International Military Tribunal(IMT)188

a)Jurisdiction188

b)Composition of the Tribunal188

2.Procedural Law188

3.Judgment189

4.Criticism Concerning the Nuremberg Trials189

5.Summary190

Ⅳ.The International Military Tribunal for the Far East(IMTFE)190

Ⅴ."Cold War"-Era190

Ⅵ.International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia(ICTY)191

1.Structure of the Tribunal192

a)Jurisdiction192

b)Composition of the Tribunal193

c)Sanctions193

2.Overview of the Criminal Offences Applied by the ICTY193

3.Legitimacy of the Tribunal194

Ⅶ.The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda(ICTR)195

Ⅷ.Hybrid Courts195

12.The International Criminal Court(ICC)198

Ⅰ.Structure of the Statute199

Ⅱ.Function of the ICC200

Ⅲ.Jurisdiction200

1.Jurisdiction ratione personae200

2.Jurisdiction ratione materiae201

3.Jurisdiction ratione loci/"genuine link"201

4.Jurisdiction ratione temporis202

Ⅳ.Trigger Mechanisms for the Court's Activities202

1.State Complaint202

2.Independent Investigations by the Prosecutor204

3.Resolution of the UN Security Council204

Ⅴ.Principle of Complementarity206

Ⅵ.Institutional Aspects208

1.The Judges209

2.The Registry209

3.The Prosecutor209

4.Financing210

Ⅶ.Procedure210

1.Preliminary Investigation210

2.Confirmation Hearing211

3.Trial212

4.Appeal and Revision212

5.Victims' Rights212

6.Summary214

Ⅷ.Sanctions and their Enforcement214

Ⅸ.Limitation and Finality214

Ⅹ.Evaluation in Terms of Legal Policy215

13.The General Part of International Criminal Law216

Ⅰ.Applicable Law217

1.General Sources of International Law217

2.Particular Sources of International Criminal Law217

Ⅱ.Rules of Interpretation and the Principle of "nullum crimen,nulla poena sine lege"219

1.Interpretation of International Law in General219

2.Interpretation of International Criminal Law220

Ⅲ.Individual Criminal Responsibility221

Ⅳ.The Structure of an International Criminal Law Offence222

1.The General Material Elements of International Crimes223

2.The General Mental Elements of International Crimes224

3.Grounds for Excluding Criminal Responsibility228

a)Self-defence229

b)Necessity229

c)Superior orders231

d)Mistake231

e)Mental incapacity233

f)Immunities233

g)Statute of limitations234

h)Unwritten grounds for excluding criminal responsibility234

Ⅴ.Forms of Participation(Perpetration and Accessoryship)235

1.Perpetration236

a)Direct perpetration236

b)Co-perpetration236

c)"Joint Criminal Enterprise" as extension of co-perpetration?236

d)Indirect perpetration239

2.Accessoryship239

a)Inducement239

b)Assistance240

c)Assistance in a group crime240

Ⅵ.Superior Responsibility241

Ⅶ.Attempt and Abandonment of the Attempt243

Ⅷ.Omission244

14.Special Part of International Criminal Law245

Ⅰ.Genocide246

1.History246

2.Protected interests247

3.Structure of the Crime248

4.The Material Elements of Genocide in General248

5.The Mental Elements of Genocide in General250

6.Individual Genocidal Acts251

a)Killing members of the group251

b)Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group252

c)Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part252

d)Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group253

e)Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group253

Ⅱ.Crimes against Humanity253

1.History254

2.Protected Interests256

3.Structure of the Crime256

4.Material Elements of the "Chapeau"256

5.Mental Elements in Respect of the "Chapeau"258

6.Individual Acts259

a)Murder259

b)Extermination259

c)Enslavement259

d)Deportation or forcible transfer of population260

e)Imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law260

f)Torture260

g)Sexual violence260

h)Persecution261

i)Enforced disappearance of persons261

j)Apartheid261

k)Other inhuman acts of a similar character262

Ⅲ.War Crimes262

1.History262

2.Protected Interests264

3.Elements of the Offence264

4.Objective Requirements of an Armed Conflict265

5.Subjective Requirement of an Armed Conflict267

6.Categories of the Individual Acts267

a)Material and mental elements267

b)Category 1 of offences committed in connection with an international armed conflict:Grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 12th August,1949(art.8(2)(a)ICCSt)268

c)Category 2 of offences committed in connection with an international armed conflict:Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international armed conflict(art.8(2)(b)ICCSt)268

d)Category 1 of offences committed in connection with a non-international armed conflict:serious violations of art.3 common to the four Geneva Conventions of 12th August,1949(art.8(2)(c)ICCSt)269

e)Category 2 of offences committed in connection with a non-international armed conflict:Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in armed conflicts not of an international character(art.8(2)(e)ICCSt)270

Ⅳ.Aggression270

1.The Crime of Aggression under Customary International Law270

2.The Crime of Aggression in the ICC-Statute271

a)Elements of the criminal offence273

b)Jurisdiction/trigger mechanism274

c)Coming into force275

d)Conclusion276

15.The Implementation of the ICC-Statute into National Law-The German Solution in Particular277

Ⅰ.Introduction277

1.Direct Application of Customary International Law278

2.Explicit References to Customary International Law278

3.Static Reference to the Rome Statute278

4.The Ordinary National Crime Solution279

5.The Specific National Crime Solution279

Ⅱ.The German Incorporation Solution as a Model279

1.National Legislation in Relation to the ICC280

2.Legislative Motivation281

3.Deficits of German Criminal Law before the Entry-into-Force of the VStGB281

4.No Direct Effect of the Crimes of International Law in the German Jurisdiction282

5.No Direct Applicability of the Statute's Offences as Incorporated by the ICC-Statute-Act282

Ⅲ.The Content of the Code of Crimes against International Law283

Ⅳ.The Conflict between the Principle of Complementarity and the GG284

1.The VStGB Falling Behind the ICC-Statute285

a)General Part of the VStGB285

b)The Special Part of the VStGB287

2.Conflicts with the Principle of Legality according to Art.103 Ⅱ GG289

a)Uncertain elements of offences289

b)References to customary international law290

c)References to treaty law291

Ⅴ.Unlimited Principle of Universality Extending the Traditional Rules on the Scope of Apphcation of German Criminal Law292

Ⅵ.Conclusion293

Index295