STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR INTERFERENCES WITH THE FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION IN PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR INTERFERENCES WITH THE FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION IN PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAWPDF格式电子书版下载

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Introduction1

Chapter Ⅰ：The perpetual conflict between freedom and security in the Law of the Sea5

A．The freedom of navigation-cornerstone of the Law of the Sea5

Ⅰ．Freedom of navigation-an instrument of common sense rather than a legal argument6

Ⅱ．Exclusive Flag State Jurisdiction-from an instrument to maintain maritime power to a key to liberalize maritime transport9

Ⅲ．Free navigation for worldwide economic growth and development12

B．Security concerns brought forward to interfere with navigation16

Ⅰ．Piracy-an ancient,but persistent business17

Ⅱ．Terrorism and weapons of mass destruction-the new dominant concern25

1．Scenarios of terrorist attacks on maritime trade26

2．Potential economic impact of terrorist attacks on maritime trade28

3．Preventive and repressive measures to combat maritime terrorism29

a）Ship and port security29

b）Interception operations32

Ⅲ．Undocumented Migration36

Ⅳ．Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances39

Ⅴ．Illegal fishing44

Ⅳ．Pollution47

Ⅶ．Fading away and back-up grounds for interferences49

C．Legal limits for interferences and the role of State responsibility51

Chapter Ⅱ： Principles drawn from the treaty provisions on State responsibility for interferences with navigation on the high seas57

A．Treaty interpretation58

Ⅰ．Interpretation of the wording60

Ⅱ．Interpretation of the context61

Ⅲ．Object and purpose63

Ⅳ．A hierarchy of methods under Art.31 VCLT64

Ⅴ．Supplementary means of interpretation65

B．An individual right to claim compensation?67

Ⅰ．The ordinary meaning of the relevant provisions68

Ⅱ．Context70

1．The structure of the Law of the Sea Convention70

2．The conventions succeeding the Law of the Sea Convention71

3．Subsequent practice72

4．Rules of general international law75

5．Invocation of State responsibility by private entities in maritime matters79

6．The primary right affected by the interference84

a）Freedom of navigation:a right of the flag State or of the"ship"?84

b）The relevance of the right to property88

7．Conclusion91

8．Meaning of"the ship"91

Ⅲ．Object and purpose93

Ⅳ．Preparatory work94

1．The Law of the Sea Convention94

2．The Intervention Convention97

3．The Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement101

4．The Migrant Smuggling Protocol104

5．The 2005 Protocol to the SUA Convention106

Ⅴ．Conclusion111

C．The act entailing responsibility:requirement of wrongfulness?112

Ⅰ．Art.110,para.3 LOSC,the prototype of liability for lawful conduct in the Law of the Sea113

Ⅱ．Hot pursuit under Art.111,para.8 LOSC115

Ⅲ．The seizure of pirate ships under Art.106 LOSC116

Ⅳ．Interferences under the Intervention Convention118

Ⅴ．Liability for interfering with the navigation of fishing vessels under the Fish Stocks Agreement120

Ⅳ．Interferences in order to combat Migrant Smuggling120

Ⅶ．Terrorism interdiction operations under the 2005 SUA Protocol122

Ⅷ．The effect of the special nature of the compensation provisions123

IX．Conclusion125

D．Responsibility for attempted interferences126

E．The liable entity-particularly in situations of multilateral boardings127

Ⅰ．Bilateral boardings128

1．The few indications in the analyzed provisions128

2．The principles in the general law on State responsibility130

a）Attribution130

b）Participation132

（1）Aid and assistance133

（2）Direction and control133

（3）Vicarious liability for internationally lawful conduct?134

3．Joint and several liability?135

Ⅱ．Interdictions within the framework of International Organizations139

1．The scope of interferences involving International Organizations140

2．Responsibility of the international or regional organization?143

a）The United Nations144

b）Regional organizations enforcing embargoes on the seas146

c）Operation Enduring Freedom148

d）Conclusion149

3．Responsibility of member States for wrongful acts by an International Organization149

4．The applicability of the compensation provisions to International Organizations153

5．Conclusion156

F．The effect of conduct by the boarded party156

Ⅰ．Clean Hands Doctrine156

Ⅱ．The limited reception of the doctrine in international maritime conventions161

Ⅲ．Contributory negligence in the general law on State responsibility162

Ⅳ．Contributory negligence in cases codified by maritime conventions164

G．Consensual boardings165

H．The extent of responsibility170

Ⅰ．A comparison of the different provisions170

1．The link between the conduct by the responsible State and the damage170

2．Qualification of the damage173

a）"Any loss or damage"173

b）"Any damage,harm or loss"175

Ⅱ．The provisions and the general law on State responsibility176

Ⅲ．Types of damages which may be claimed and their calculation179

1．Delay of the vessel179

2．Expected profits182

3．Value of the vessel and cargo184

4．Detention and mistreatment of the crew186

5．Punitive damages189

6．Interest192

a）Starting date193

b）When does the interest stop to run?195

c）The interest rate195

7．Currency of the compensation196

8．Damage to the flag state197

9．Costs and expenses198

10．The ability of the respondent State to compensate199

Ⅳ．The Intervention Convention:distinction between disproportionate and proportionate damages?200

J．Some procedural issues203

Ⅰ．The onus of proof203

Ⅱ．Competing claims of protection207

Ⅲ．An obligation to forward the compensation award to the victim?210

Chapter Ⅲ：The U.S.strategy:28 bilateral treaties and the Proliferation Security Initiative215

A．The 1924 Liquor Treaties216

B．The 1981 Exchange of Notes217

C．Bilateral anti-drugs and migration agreements219

Ⅰ．Shipboarding222

Ⅱ．Shipriders223

Ⅲ．Entry-to-investigate and pursuit224

Ⅳ．Conclusion225

D．Liability under the loose framework of the Proliferation Security Initiative.225

E．Ship Boarding Agreements within the framework of the Proliferation Security Initiative227

F．United States law on State Liability229

Chapter Ⅳ：Compensation for interferences in international conflicts233

A．The law of naval warfare233

Ⅰ．Three views concerning the legality of visit and search of neutral vessels in times of war234

Ⅱ．Compensation under the traditional law of naval warfare236

Ⅲ．Liability under the San Remo Manual241

Ⅳ．The restrictive view and its consequences for State responsibility242

Ⅴ．The development of the damages covered in the law on State responsibility and its consequences for the law of naval warfare242

Ⅳ．Conclusion244

B．Interdictions authorized by the United Nations Security Council244

Chapter Ⅴ：Conclusions and outlook249

A．Major conclusions249

B．Outlook to the future of the liability regime concerning interferences with navigation on the high seas251

Annex 1：Relevant compensation provisions253

Annex 2：Bibliography255

Annex 3：Table of cases279