图解生物化学 英文版2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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1CELLULAR BASIS OF BIOCHEMISTRYTypes of living cells2

The organelles of a typical animal cell2

Types of biochemical preparations4

Subcellular fractionation4

Metabolic functions of organelles6

2THE PROTEINS6

1．The chemistry of amino acids and peptides8

2．Protein structure,properties and separation18

3．Protein function35

Serum proteins35

Proteins involved in the metabolism of iron37

Collagen38

Peptides39

The ACTH peptides40

Immunoglobulin structures41

The structure of complement44

The generation of antibody diversity45

A glossary of some immunological terms useful to45

biochemistsImmunoglobulin synthesis46

The immunoglobulin superfamily at the cell surface46

Immunoassay47

Production of monoclonal antibodies49

Proteins of muscle50

The four classes of protein structures52

Summary of methods of investigation of the structure53

and function of proteins53

3 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ENZYMESEnzyme properties and kinetics56

Derivation of the Michaelis-Menten equation58

Enzyme inhibition59

International classification of enzymes60

Nature of the active site and induced fit60

Evolutionary aspects of protein structure and function63

Superfamilies:the serpins,homologies and motifs64

Allosteric properties of enzymes66

Regulation of enzyme activity67

Energy,metabolic control and equilibria70

Regulation of metabolic pathways71

Analysis of ligand binding72

Multiple forms of enzymes,isoenzymes75

Enzymes indiagnosis76

Metabolism of ethanol78

NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEINBIOSYNTHESIS78

1．Strategies for protein biosynthesis80

2．Structure and biosynthesis of nucleic acids83

3．Biosynthesis of proteins100

4．Control of protein synthesis109

5．Molecular cell biology112

Introduction118

6．Recombinant DNA(genetic engineering)118

Restriction and other enzymes120

Escherichia coli and alternative vectors121

Split genes,introns and exons121

Alternative splicing122

Mechanism of removal of introns123

The use of radioactive probes to detect gene sequences124

Techniques for the determination of the base sequence125

of DNAAntenatal diagnosis127

Reverse genetics128

The polymerase chain reaction(PCR)129

A brief glossary of terms not previously explained130

COENZYMES AND WATER-SOLUBLEVITAMINSIntroduction132

Nicotinamide nucleotides132

Adenine nucleotide coenzymes133

Thiamin pyrophosphate134

Flavin nucleotide coenzymes135

Coenzyme A136

Biotin136

Folate coenzymes137

Pyridoxal phosphate138

Vitamin B12139

Ascorbic acid139

sugars142

Monosaccharides143

Disaccharides144

Polysaccharides(oligosaccharides)145

Role of glycosaminoglycans146

Glucuronic and gluconic acids147

Uridine diphosphate glucose(UDPG)147

Hexose interconversions148

The role of sugars in detoxification150

NITROGEN METABOLISMEssential and non-essential amino acids152

Transamination and oxidative deamination152

The urea cycle155

The synthesis of non-essential amino acids157

The catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine159

The formation of thyroid hormones161

The formation of adrenaline and noradrenaline162

The metabolism of histidine163

The metabolism of tryptophan164

Glutathione and oxygen toxicity165

Phosphocreatine166

The synthesis of haem166

Bile pigments168

CARBOHYDRATE AND FAT METABOLISMA．Oxidative catabolismForces driving metabolic processes170

β-oxidation of fatty acids173

The glycolytic pathway174

The citric acid cycle178

Pathway interactions180

The glucose/fatty acid cycle181

The electron transport chain—oxidation of NADH182

and succinateStructural aspects of electron transport183

Components of the electron transport chain185

The protonmotive Q cycle186

Structural aspects of mitochondria187

Oxidative phosphorylation188

Respiratory control and uncoupling action189

Flow chart of electron transport190

Transport across mitochondrial membranes191

Mitochondrial regulation of cell function192

BThefastingstat—glycogenolysis,lipolysis,glueoneogenesisand ketogenesisOverview of the fasting state196

Details of metabolism in the fasting state197

Glycogen and its degradation197

The formation of glucose from glycogen(glycogenolysis)198

Regulation of phosphorylase199

The de novo formation of glucose(gluconeogenesis)199

Key enzymes in gluconeogenesis201

The Cori cycle202

The formation of ketone bodies(ketogenesis)202

Regulation of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis203

The utilization of ketone bodies203

The role of carnitine palmitoyltransferases204

Control of the blood glucose level204

Disordered blood glucose levels205

The role of lactate207

Specialization of metabolism in muscle207

Glycogen storage disease208

C．The absorptive state—synthesis of energy storagecompoundsOverview of the fed state210

Digestive processes during the absorptive state211

Detailed metabolism in the fed state213

Biosynthesis of glycogen214

Glycogen storage diseases215

Regulation of glycogen synthase216

Pentose phosphate pathway( pentose shunt )216

Lipogenesis217

Biosynthesis of fatty acids218

Fatty acid structures219

Formation of triacylglycerol220

Chemistry and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins222

Lipoprotein lipase223

Formation of cholesterol esters224

Apolipoproteins224

An overview of lipoprotein metabolism225

Biosynthesis of cholesterol226

Formation of bile acids and the excretion of cholesterol227

Bile228

Whole-body regulation of cholesterol metabolism229

Control of the level of plasma LDL229

LDL receptor traffic230

Hyperlipidaemias(hyperlipoproteinaemias)231

Cholesterol and bile acid recycling233

Therapeutic strategies for lowering cholesterol233

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and atherosclerosis234

D．Phospholipids,other lipid substances andcomplex carbohydratesStructure of phospholipids236

Synthesis of phospholipids237

Phospholipases238

Sphingolipids239

Steroid hormones240

The lipid-soluble vitamins A,E,K and D243

Calcium metabolism245

Prostaglandins246

Leukotrienes248

Structures of complex carbohydrates249

Glycoproteins250

Glycoprotein biosynthesis251

Lactose synthesis252

The protein secretory pathway-role of the Golgi253

apparatusThe primary structure of lysozyme and α-lactalbumin254

MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONThe phospholipid bilayer256

Structure of glycophorin257

Protein dynamics in the lipid bilayer257

Receptor structure258

Fluid nature of cell membranes260

Cloning of the acetylcholine receptor cDNA261

Transmission at a cholinergic synapse263

Adenylylcyclase and G-proteins264

Anchoring of proteins by lipids266

Protein kinase A267

Protein kinase C268

Calmodulin269

Phospholipase C and inositol phosphates270

Protein tyrosine kinases272

Oncogenes273

Growth factor receptor activation274

The endosome system—recycling receptors275

The role of clathrin276

Membrane transport277

The red cell cytoskeleton277

Actin microfilaments280

Microtubules282

Intermediate filaments283

Cell adhesion284

INDEX287