英语缓冲语的语用发展 英文2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

英语缓冲语的语用发展 英文PDF格式电子书版下载

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Chapter 1 Introduction1

1.1 Interlanguage Pragmatic Development1

1.2 Hedging in ILP Development4

1.3 Plan of the Book6

Chapter 2 Interlanguage Pragmatic Development:Review and Methodology7

2.1 Reviewing L2 Pragmatic Development8

2.1.1 Development of L2 Discourse Ability9

2.1.2 Development of L2 Speech-Act Ability13

2.2 Methodological Issues with ILP Developmental Studies24

2.2.1 Corpus Approach to ILP Development24

2.2.2 Emergence Pattern as Indicator of Development28

2.3 Chapter Summary33

Chapter 3 An Overview of Hedging Studies in the Literature34

3.1 Development of the Concept of Hedging34

3.2 Studies of Hedges in Academic Writing41

3.3 Studies of Hedges in Spoken Discourse44

3.4 Studies on Hedge Comprehension50

3.5 Studies on L2 Learners' Hedges55

3.6 Taxonomy of Hedges in the Literature68

Chapter 4 Theoretical Framework for the Study87

4.1 Grammatical,Pragmatic and Semantic Properties of Hedges87

4.2 Establishing Hedging Categories for the Study97

4.2.1 Modal Hedges98

4.2.2 Mental Hedges and Performative Hedges105

4.2.3 Pragmatic-Marker Hedges116

4.2.4 Quantificational Hedges125

4.2.5 Section Summary131

4.3 Criteria and Guidelines for Hedge Identification134

Chapter 5 Research Design and Data Collection140

5.1 Research Questions140

5.2 Participants in the Study140

5.3 Instruments for Data Collection143

5.3.1 Rationale for Instrument Making143

5.3.2 Instrument Design and Piloting147

5.4 Data Collection154

Chapter 6 Data Analyses157

6.1 Data Coding157

6.2 Hedge Categories Emerging from the Data159

6.3 Hedge Identification and Related Problems160

6.3.1 Analyzing Modal Shields160

6.3.2 Analyzing Quantificational Approximators and NI Approximators166

6.3.3 Analyzing Performative Shields172

6.3.4 Analyzing Pragmatic-Marker Hedges174

Chapter 7 Results176

7.1 Development in Quantificational Approximators176

7.1.1 Quantificational Approximators at JH Level176

7.1.2 Quantificational Approximators at SH Level178

7.1.3 Quantificational Approximators at UN Level180

7.1.4 Comparing Quantificational Approximators across Three Levels183

7.2 Development in "Negation+Intensifier" Approximators186

7.2.1 NI Approximators at JH Level187

7.2.2 NI Approximators at SH Level188

7.2.3 NI Approximators at UN Level189

7.2.4 Comparing NI Approximators across Three Levels190

7.3 Development in Performative Shields191

7.3.1 Performative Shields at JH Level191

7.3.2 Performative Shields at SH Level192

7.3.3 Performative Shields at UN Level194

7.3.4 Comparing Performative Shields across Three Levels195

7.4 Development in Modal Shields204

7.4.1 Modal Shields at JH Level204

7.4.2 Modal Shields at SH Level206

7.4.3 Modal Shields at UN Level208

7.4.4 Comparing Modal Shields across Three Levels211

7.5 Development in Pragmatic-Marker Hedges216

7.5.1 PM Hedges at JH Level216

7.5.2 PM Hedges at SH Level218

7.5.3 PM Hedges at UN Level221

7.5.4 Comparing PM Hedges across Three Levels235

7.6 Summarizing Major Hedge Categories237

7.6.1 Summarizing Types,Tokens,and Rates239

7.6.2 Type-Token Ratios and Most Frequent Hedges247

7.6.3 Summarizing Differences between Data Genres252

7.7 Hedge Combinations and Hedging Effect255

Chapter 8 Discussion276

8.1 Results of This Study Compared to Findings of Previous Studies276

8.2 Methodological Effects283

8.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Studies291

Chapter 9 Conclusion296

References303

Appendix 1 Written Questionnaire320

Appendix 2 Plan for Oral Interview326

Appendix 3 Data Samples:Written Data332

Appendix 4 Data Samples:Interview Data340

Appendix 5 Data Samples:Debate Data346