世界贸易组织概论双语教程2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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Chapter 1 The Establishment and Operating System of the WTO1

1.1 The Establishment of the WTO1

1.1.1 The GATT years:from Havana to Marrakesh1

1.1.2 The Uruguay Round3

1.1.3 The post-Uruguay Round built-in agenda6

1.2 The Status,Purpose,Objectives and Functions of the WTO7

1.2.1 Status of the WTO7

1.2.2 The purpose of the WTO7

1.2.3 The objectives of the WTO8

1.2.4 The functions of the WTO8

1.2.5 Differences between GATT and WTO8

1.3 Scope of the WTO8

1.4 Structure of the WTO9

1.4.1 The Ministerial Conference9

1.4.2 The General Council in three guises9

1.4.3 Councils for each broad area of trade,and more9

1.4.4 Committees10

1.4.5 Plurilateral Committee10

1.4.6 The Secretariat and director-general10

1.5 Decision-making of the WTO12

1.5.1 Decisions taken by consensus12

1.5.2 Levels of authority12

1.6 Membership of the WTO16

1.6.1 Original membership16

1.6.2 Accession to the WTO16

1.6.3 How to join the WTO:the accession process16

1.6.4 Withdrawal from the WTO17

1.7 Relationship with Other Main Organizations and Regionalism17

1.7.1 Summary on other organizations17

1.7.2 Relationship with regionalism27

Questions29

Notes29

Chapter 2 Principles of the WTO32

2.1 Trade without Discrimination32

2.1.1 Most-favoured-nation(MFN)32

2.1.2 National treatment:treating foreigners and locals equally34

2.2　Freer Trade:Gradually,through Negotiation35

2.2.1 Trade barriers35

2.2.2 The result of negotiations35

2.3 Predictability:through Binding and Transparency36

2.3.1 Purpose of predictability36

2.3.2 Predictability through binding36

2.3.3 Predictability through transparency36

2.4 Promoting Fair Competition37

2.5 Encouraging Development and Economic Reform37

2.5.1 Contribution to developing countries in the WTO37

2.5.2 Commitment fulfilled by developing countries37

2.5.3 Measures to encourage development and economic reform38

Questions38

Notes38

Chapter 3 The Agreements of the WTO41

3.1 Agreements for Trade in Goods41

3.1.1 Tariffs:more bindings and closer to zero41

3.1.2 Agriculture:fairer markets for farmers42

3.1.3 Standards and safety45

3.1.4 Textiles:back in the mainstream47

3.1.5 Anti-dumping,subsidies,safeguards:contingencies,etc49

3.1.6 Non-tariff barriers:red tape,etc54

3.1.7 Plurilaterals:of minority interest57

3.2 Agreement for Trade in Service58

3.2.1 The background for GATS58

3.2.2 Main content of GATS59

3.2.3 General obligations and disciplines59

3.2.4 The annexes:services are not all the same61

3.3 Agreement for Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights62

3.3.1 Scope of intellectual property62

3.3.2 International protection of intellectual property and TRIPS65

3.3.3 Summary on TRIPS66

Questions69

Notes69

Chapter 4 The Policy Review and Settling Dispute76

4.1 Trade Policy Review76

4.1.1 Ways to keep trade policies transparent76

4.1.2 Trade Policy Review Body77

4.2 Settling Dispute78

4.2.1 Summary on dispute settlement mechanism78

4.2.2 Scope of jurisdiction of DSM81

4.2.3 WTO bodies involved in the dispute settlement process81

Questions85

Notes85

Chapter 5 Developing Countries86

5.1 Overview86

5.1.1 In the agreements:more time,better terms86

5.1.2 Legal assistance:a secretariat service87

5.1.3 Least-developed countries:special focus87

5.1.4 A"maison"in Geneva:being present is important,but not easy for all88

5.2 Committees88

5.2.1 Trade and Development Committee88

5.2.2 Subcommittee on Least-Developed Countries88

5.2.3 The Doha agenda committees89

5.3 WTO Technical Cooperation89

5.3.1 Mission,objective and subjects89

5.3.2 Training,seminars and workshops89

5.4 Some Issues Raised90

5.4.1 Participation in the system:opportunities and concerns90

5.4.2 Erosion of preferences91

5.4.3 The ability to adapt:the supply-side91

Questions91

Notes92

References94

Appendix95

Appendix 1 Current WTO Members95

Appendix 2 Abbreviations99

Appendix 3 Glossary100

Appendix 4 Reading Materials103