CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS SECOND EDITION2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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Introduction and Survey1

I.1 Maxwell Equations in Vacuum，Fields，and Sources2

I.2 The Inverse Square Law or the Mass of the Photon5

I.3 Linear Superposition10

I.4 The Maxwell Equations in Macroscopic Media13

I.5 Boundary Conditions at Interfaces between Different Media17

I.6 Some Remarks on Idealizations in Electromagnetism22

References and Suggested Reading25

Chapter 1. Introduction to Electrostatics27

1.1 Coulomb’s Law27

1.2 Electric Field28

1.3 Gauss’s Law30

1.4 Differential Form of Gauss’s Law32

1.5 Another Equation of Electrostatics and the Scalar Potential33

1.6 Surface Distributions of Charges and Dipoles and Discontinuities in the Electric Field and Potential35

1.7 Poisson and Laplace Equations38

1.8 Green’s Theorem40

1.9 Uniqueness of the Solution with Dirichlet or Neumann Boundary Condi-tions42

1.10 Formal Solution of Electrostatic Boundary-Value Problem with Green Function43

1.11 Electrostatic Potential Energy and Energy Density，Capacitance45

References and Suggested Reading49

Problems49

Chapter 2. Boundary-Value Problems in Electrostatics：Ⅰ54

2.1 Method of Images54

2.2 Point Charge in the Presence of a Grounded Conducting Sphere55

2.3 Point Charge in the Presence of a Charged，Insulated，Conducting Sphere58

2.4 Point Charge Near a Conducting Sphere at Fixed Potential60

2.5 Conducting Sphere in a Uniform Electric Field by the Method of Images60

2.6 Green Function for the Sphere，General Solution for the Potential62

2.7 Conducting Sphere with Hemispheres at Different Potentials63

2.8 Orthogonal Functions and Expansions65

2.9 Separation of Variables，Laplace Equation in Rectangular Coordinates68

2.10 A Two-dimensional Potential Problem，Summation of a Fourier Series71

2.11 Fields and Charge Densities in Two-dimensional Comers and Along Edges75

References and Suggested Reading78

Problems79

Chapter 3. Boundary-Value Problems in Electrostatics：Ⅱ84

3.1 Laplace Equation in Spherical Coordinates84

3.2 Legendre Equation and Legendre Polynomials85

3.3 Boundary-Value Problems with Azimuthal Symmetry90

3.4 Behavior of Fields in a Conical Hole or near a Sharp Point94

3.5 Associated Legendre Functions and the Spherical Harmonics Y tm（θ，φ）98

3.6 Addition Theorem for Spherical Harmonics100

3.7 Laplace Equation in Cylindrical Coordinates，Bessel Functions102

3.8 Boundary-Value Problems in Cylindrical Coordinates108

3.9 Expansion of Green Functions in Spherical Coordinates110

3.10 Solution of Potential Problems with Spherical Green Function Expansion113

3.11 Expansion of Green Functions in Cylindrical Coordinates116

3.12 Eigenfunction Expansions for Green Functions119

3.13 Mixed Boundary Conditions，Conducting Plane with a Circular Hole121

References and Suggested Reading127

Problems128

Chapter 4. Multipoles，Electrostatics of Macroscopic Media，Dielectrics136

4.1 Multipole Expansion136

4.2 Multipole Expansion of the Energy of a Charge Distribution in an External Field142

4.3 Elementary Treatment of Electrostatics with Ponderable Media143

4.4 Boundary-Value Problems with Dielectrics147

4.5 Molecular Polarizability and Electric Susceptibility152

4.6 Models for the Molecular Polarizability155

4.7 Electrostatic Energy in Dielectric Media158

References and Suggested Reading163

Problems163

Chapter 5. Magnetostatics168

5.1 Introduction and Definitions168

5.2 Biot and Savart Law169

5.3 The Differential Equations of Magnetostatics and Ampere’s Law173

5.4 Vector Potential175

5.5 Vector Potential and Magnetic Induction for a Circular Current Loop177

5.6 Magnetic Fields of a Localized Current Distribution，Magnetic Moment180

5.7 Force and Torque on and Energy of a Localized Current Distribution in an External Magnetic Induction184

5.8 Macroscopic Equations，Boundary Conditions on B and H187

5.9 Methods of Solving Boundary-Value Problems in Magnetostatics191

5.10 Uniformly Magnetized Sphere194

5.11 Magnetized Sphere in an External Field，Permanent Magnets197

5.12 Magnetic Shielding，Spherical Shell of Permeable Material in a Uniform Field199

5.13 Effect of a Circular Hole in a Perfectly Conducting Plane with an Asymptotically Uniform Tangential Magnetic Field on One Side201

References and Suggested Reading204

Problems205

Chapter 6. Time-Varying Fields，Maxwell Equations，Conservation Laws209

6.1 Faraday’s Law of Induction210

6.2 Energy in the Magnetic Field213

6.3 Maxwell’s Displacement Current，Maxwell Equations217

6.4 Vector and Scalar Potentials219

6.5 Gauge Transformations，Lorentz Gauge，Coulomb Gauge220

6.6 Green Functions for the Wave Equation223

6.7 Derivation of the Equations of Macroscopic Electromagnetism226

6.8 Poynting’s Theorem and Conservation of Energy and Momentum for a System of Charged Particles and Electromagnetic Fields236

6.9 Conservation Laws for Macroscopic Media240

6.10 Poynting’s Theorem for Harmonic Fields，Field Definitions of Impedance and Admittance241

6.11 Transformation Properties of Electromagnetic Fields and Sources under Rotations，Spatial Reflections，and Time Reversal245

6.12 On the Question of Magnetic Monopoles251

6.13 Discussion of the Dirac Quantization Condition254

References and Suggested Reading260

Problems261

Chapter 7. Plane Electromagnetic Waves and Wave Propagation269

7.1 Plane Waves in a Nonconducting Medium269

7.2 Linear and Circular Polarization，Stokes Parameters273

7.3 Reflection and Refraction of Electromagnetic Waves at a Plane Interface between Dielectrics278

7.4 Polarization by Reflection and Total Internal Reflection282

7.5 Frequency Dispersion Characteristics of Dielectrics，Conductors，and Plasmas284

7.6 Simplified Model of Propagation in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere292

7.7 Waves in a Conducting or Dissipative Medium296

7.8 Superposition of Waves in One Dimension，Group Velocity299

7.9 Illustration of the Spreading of a Pulse as It Propagates in a Dispersive Medium303

7.10 Causality in the Connection between D and E，Kramers-Kronig Relations306

7.11 Arrival of a Signal After Propagation Through a Dispersive Medium313

References and Suggested Reading326

Problems327

Chapter 8. Wave Guides and Resonant Cavities334

8.1 Fields at the Surface of and within a Conductor335

8.2 Cylindrical Cavities and Wave Guides339

8.3 Wave Guides343

8.4 Modes in a Rectangular Wave Guide345

8.5 Energy Flow and Attenuation in Wave Guides346

8.6 Perturbation of Boundary Conditions350

8.7 Resonant Cavities353

8.8 Power Losses in a Cavity，Q of a Cavity356

8.9 Earth and Ionosphere as a Resonant Cavity，Schumann Resonances360

8.10 Dielectric Wave Guides364

8.11 Expansion in Normal Modes，Fields Generated by a Localized Source in Guide369

8.12 Reflection and Transn by Plane Diaphragms，Variational Approxi-mation375

8.13 Impedance of a Flat Strip Parallel to the Electric Field in a Rectangular Wave Guide380

References and Suggested Reading384

Problems385

Chapter 9. Simple Radiating Systems，Scattering，and Diffraction391

9.1 Fields and Radiation of a Localized Oscillating Source391

9.2 Electric Dipole Fields and Radiation394

9.3 Magnetic Dipole and Electric Quadrupole Fields397

9.4 Center-fed Linear Antenna401

9.5 Multipole Expansion for Localized Source or Aperture in Wave Guide405

9.6 Scattering at Long Wavelengths411

9.7 Perturbation Theory of Scattering，Rayleigh’s Explanation of the Blue Sky，Scattering by Games and Liquids418

9.8 Scalar Diffraction Theory427

9.9 Vector Equivalents of Kirc Integral432

9.10 Vectorial Diffraction Theory435

9.11 Babinet’s Principle of Complementary Screens438

9.12 Diffraction by a Circular Aperture，Remarks on Small Apertures441

9.13 Scattering in the Short-Wavelength Limit447

9.14 Optical Theorem and Related Matters453

References and Suggested Reading459

Problems460

Chapter 10. Magnetohydrodynamics and Plasma Physics469

10.1 Introduction and Definitions469

10.2 Magnetohydrodynamic Equations471

10.3 Magnetic Diffusion，Viscosity，and Pressure472

10.4 Magnetohydrodynamic Flow between Boundaries with Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields475

10.5 Pinch Effect479

10.6 Instabilities in a Pinched Plasma Column482

10.7 Magnetohydrodynamic Waves485

10.8 Plasma Oscillations490

10.9 Short-wavelength Limit on Plasma Oscillations and the Debye Screening Distance494

References and Suggested Reading497

Problems498

Chapter 11. Special Theory of Relativity503

11.1 The Situation before 1900，Einstein’s Two Postulates504

11.2 Some Recent Experiments507

11.3 Lorentz Transformations and Basic Kinematic Results of Special Relativity515

11.4 Addition of Velocities，Four-Velocity522

11.5 Relativistic Momentum and Energy of a Particle525

11.6 Mathematical Properties of the Space-Time of Special Relativity532

11.7 Matrix Representation of Lorentz Transformations，Infinitesimal Generators536

11.8 Thomas Precession541

11.9 Invariance of Electric Charge，Covariance of Electrodynamics547

11.10 Transformation of Electromagnetic Fields552

11.11 Relativistic Equation of Motion for Spin in Uniform or Slowly Varying Extemal Fields556

11.12 Note on Notation and Units in Relativistic Kinematics560

References and Suggested Reading561

Problems562

Chapter 12. Dynamics of Relativistic Particles and Electromagnetic Fields571

12.1 Lagrangian and Hamiltonian for a Relativistic Charged Particle in External Electromagnetic Fields572

12.2 On the Question of Obtaining the Magnetic Field，Magnetic Force，and the Maxwell Equations from Coulomb’s law and Special Relativity578

12.3 Motion in a Uniform，Static，Magnetic Field581

12.4 Motion in Combined Uniform，Static，Electric and Magnetic Fields582

12.5 Particle Drifts in Nonuniform，Static Magnetic Fields584

12.6 Adiabatic Invariance of Flux through Orbit of Particle588

12.7 Lowest-Order Relativistic Corrections to the Lagrangian for Interacting Charged Particles，the Darwin Lagrangian593

12.8 Lagrangian for the Electromagnetic Field595

12.9 Proca Lagrangian，Photon Mass Effects597

12.10 Canonical and Symmetric Stress Tensors，Conservation Laws601

12.11 Solution of the Wave Equation in Covariant Form，Invariant Green Functions608

References and Suggested Reading612

Problems613

Chapter 13. Collisions between Charged Particles，Energy Loss，and Scattering618

13.1 Energy Transfer in a Coulomb Collision619

13.2 Energy Transfer to a Harmonically Bound Charge623

13.3 Classical and Quantum-Mechanical Energy-loss Formulas626

13.4 Density Effect in Collision Energy Loss632

13.5 Cherenkov Radiation638

13.6 Energy Loss in an Electronic Plasma641

13.7 Elastic Scattering of Fast Particles by Atoms643

13.8 Mean Square Angle of Scattering and the Angular Distribution of Multiple Scattering647

References and Suggested Reading651

Problems651

Chapter 14. Radiation by Moving Charges654

14.1 Lienard-Wiechert Potentials and Fields for a Point Charge654

14.2 Total Power Radiated by an Accelerated Charge：Larmor’s Formula and its Relativistic Generalization658

14.3 Angular Distribution of Radiation Emitted by an Accelerated Charge662

14.4 Radiation Emitted by a Charge in Arbitrary，Extremely Relativistic Motion665

14.5 Distribution in Frequency and Angle of Energy Radiated by Accelerated Charges668

14.6 Frequency Spectrum of Radiation Emitted by a Relativist ic Charged Particle in Instantaneously Circular Motion672

14.7 Thomson Scattering of Radiation679

14.8 Scattering of Radiation by Quasi-Free Charges，Coherent and Incoherent Scattering683

14.9 Transition Radiation685

References and Suggested Reading693

Problems694

Chapter 15. Bremsstrahlung，Method of Virtual Quanta，Radiative Beta Processes701

15.1 Radiation Emitted during Collisions702

15.2 Bremsstrahlung in Coulomb Collisions708

15.3 Screening Effects，Relativistic Radiative Energy Loss715

15.4 Weizsacker-Williams Method of Virtual Quanta719

15.5 Bremsstrahlung as the Scattering of Virtual Quanta724

15.6 Radiation Emitted During Beta Decay725

15.7 Radiation Emitted During Orbital-Electron Capture—Disappearance of Charge and Magnetic Moment727

References and Suggested Reading733

Problems733

Chapter 16. Multipole Fields739

16.1 Basic Spherical Wave Solutions of the Scalar Wave Equation739

16.2 Multipole Expansion of the Electromagnetic Fields744

16.3 Properties of Multipole Fields，Energy and Angular Momentum of Mul-tipole Radiation747

16.4 Angular Distribution of Multipole Radiation752

16.5 Sources of Multipole Radiation，Multipole Moments755

16.6 Multipole Radiation in Atomic and Nuclear Systems758

16.7 Radiation from a Linear，Center-Fed Antenna763

16.8 Spherical Wave Expansion of a Vector Plane Wave767

16.9 Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves by a Sphere769

16.10 Boundary-Value Problems with Multipole Fields775

References and Suggested Reading776

Problems776

Chapter 17. Radiation Damping，Self-Fields of a Particle，Scattering and Absorption of Radiation by a Bound System780

17.1 Introductory Considerations780

17.2 Radiative Reaction Force from Conservation of Energy783

17.3 Abraham-Lorentz Evaluation of the Self-Force786

17.4 Difficulties with the Abraham-Lorentz Model790

17.5 Covariant Definitions of Electromagnetic Energy and Momentum791

17.6 Integrodifferential Equation of Motion，Including Radiation Damping796

17.7 Line Breadth and Level Shift of an Oscillator798

17.8 Scattering and Absorption of Radiation by an Oscillator801

References and Suggested Reading806

Problems807

Appendix on Units and Dimensions811

1 Units and Dimensions，Basic Units and Derived Units811

2 Electromagnetic Units and Equations813

3 Various Systems of Electromagnetic Units816

4 Conversion of Equations and Amounts between Gaussian Units and MKSA Units817

Bibliography822

Index822